2023
|
 | Bernbeck, Reinhard; Eberhardt, Gisela; Pollock, Susan (Ed.): Coming to Terms with the Future. Concepts of Resilience for the Study of Early Iranian Societies. Sidestone Press, Leiden, 2023, ISBN: 9789464261462. @book{nokey,
title = {Coming to Terms with the Future. Concepts of Resilience for the Study of Early Iranian Societies},
editor = {Reinhard Bernbeck and Gisela Eberhardt and Susan Pollock},
url = {https://www.sidestone.com/books/coming-to-terms-with-the-future},
isbn = {9789464261462},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-03-22},
urldate = {2023-03-22},
booktitle = {Coming to Terms with the Future. Concepts of Resilience for the Study of Early Iranian Societies. The Iranian Highlands. Early Societies between Resilience and Integration 1},
publisher = {Sidestone Press},
address = {Leiden},
abstract = {The collection of essays in this book focuses on the highlands of Iran in pre-modern times, reaching from the Paleolithic to the medieval period. What holds the diverse contributions together is an issue that is closely related to debates in our own times: crises and how societies in the past dealt with them. We start from the premise that general circumstances in the fractured topographic structure of the Iranian highlands led to unique relations between ecological, social, economic and political conditions.
In three sections entitled “Climate and palaeoenvironment”, “Settlement, subsistence and mobility” und “Political and economic institutions”, the authors ask what sorts of crises afflicted past societies in the Iranian highlands, to what extent they proved resilient, and especially what strategies they developed for enhancing the resilience of their ways of life. Looking for answers in paleoenvironmental proxy data, archaeological findings and written sources, the authors examine subsistence economies, political institutions, religious beliefs, everyday routines and economic specialization in different temporal, spatial and organizational scales.
This book is the first volume of a series published by the German-Iranian research cooperation “The Iranian Highlands: Resiliences and Integration in Premodern Societies”. The goal of the research project is to shine a new light on communities and societies that populated the Iranian highlands and their more or less successful strategies to cope with the many vagaries, the constant changes and risks of their natural and humanly shaped environments.
CONTENTS
Climate and palaeoenvironment
Holocene Paleoenvironmental Change and Phases of Drought in the Iranian Highlands. A Review
Martin Kehl, Babak Rafiei-Alavi, Hamid Alizadeh Ketek Lahijani
The Impact of Climate on Human Occupations in Iran from the Neolithic to the Early Iron Age: An Attempt to Link Archaeological and Paleoclimate Records
Babak Rafiei-Alavi, Martin Kehl, Hamid Alizadeh Ketek Lahijani
Evidence of Neanderthal Resilience from Forty-five to Thirty-nine Thousand Years Ago at the Bawa Yawan Rockshelter, Kermanshah, Zagros Highlands
Saman Heydari-Guran, Nemat Hariri, Martin Kehl, Samran Asiabani, Faramarz Azizi, Elham Ghasidian
Water Stress and Imperial Politics in the Southern Zagros Mountains: An Interdisciplinary Approach in Long-Term Perspective
Andrea Ricci, Silvia Balatti, Elodie Brisset, Morteza Djamali, Abdolmajid Naderi Beni, Ahmad Azadi, Pejman Firoozbakhsh
Settlement, subsistence and mobility
Resilience in Practice: A View from the Kura-Araxes Cultural Tradition in Iran
Sepideh Maziar
Reaching the Breaking Point? Developments in the Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age Varamin Plain
Susan Pollock, Morteza Hessari, Reinhard Bernbeck
The Bronze and Iron Age of Mazandaran (3200–1000 BCE): Resilience and Cultural Adaptability
Hassan Fazeli Nashli, Mojtaba Safari, Yunshi Huang, Zhenhua Deng, Hadi Davoudi, Xiaohong Wu
The Environmental Limitations for the Pastoral-Nomadic Way of Life in the Karadagh Highlands of Northwestern Iran: Evidence from the Iron Age I-II and Modern Times
Bahram Ajorloo
Political and economic institutions
Second-Year Cows for Manlari. Elamite State Investment in Cattle Husbandry in the Southern Zagros Mountains
Azam Rayat and Walther Sallaberger
Coping with Problems of Mining: Approaching Resilience Strategies through the Study of Resource-Scapes in the Iranian Highlands
Thomas Stöllner
Imperial Control and Highland Resilience in the Parthian Zagros
Michael Brown and Shelir Amelirad
Resilience in Centralized State Systems. The Persepolis Fortification Archive and Achaemenid Institutional Longevity
Wouter F. M. Henkelman, Kai Kaniuth, Kourosh Mohammadkhani
Prestigious Building and Urban Development in Ilkhanid Iran: The Rabʿ-i Rashīdī in Tabrīz as an Example of Resilience and Vulnerability in a Long-Term Perspective
Birgitt Hoffmann, Lorenz Korn, Thomas Lorain, Jonas Elbers, Maryam Moeini
Dynamics of Development and Resilience in Western Fars: The Bozpar Valley
Stefan R. Hauser, Giuseppe Labisi, Elnaz Rashidian},
keywords = {Administration, Economy, Environmental conditions, Institutions, Integration, Mobility, Resilience, Resources, Settlement and subsistance systems, Structure development},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
The collection of essays in this book focuses on the highlands of Iran in pre-modern times, reaching from the Paleolithic to the medieval period. What holds the diverse contributions together is an issue that is closely related to debates in our own times: crises and how societies in the past dealt with them. We start from the premise that general circumstances in the fractured topographic structure of the Iranian highlands led to unique relations between ecological, social, economic and political conditions.
In three sections entitled “Climate and palaeoenvironment”, “Settlement, subsistence and mobility” und “Political and economic institutions”, the authors ask what sorts of crises afflicted past societies in the Iranian highlands, to what extent they proved resilient, and especially what strategies they developed for enhancing the resilience of their ways of life. Looking for answers in paleoenvironmental proxy data, archaeological findings and written sources, the authors examine subsistence economies, political institutions, religious beliefs, everyday routines and economic specialization in different temporal, spatial and organizational scales.
This book is the first volume of a series published by the German-Iranian research cooperation “The Iranian Highlands: Resiliences and Integration in Premodern Societies”. The goal of the research project is to shine a new light on communities and societies that populated the Iranian highlands and their more or less successful strategies to cope with the many vagaries, the constant changes and risks of their natural and humanly shaped environments.
CONTENTS
Climate and palaeoenvironment
Holocene Paleoenvironmental Change and Phases of Drought in the Iranian Highlands. A Review
Martin Kehl, Babak Rafiei-Alavi, Hamid Alizadeh Ketek Lahijani
The Impact of Climate on Human Occupations in Iran from the Neolithic to the Early Iron Age: An Attempt to Link Archaeological and Paleoclimate Records
Babak Rafiei-Alavi, Martin Kehl, Hamid Alizadeh Ketek Lahijani
Evidence of Neanderthal Resilience from Forty-five to Thirty-nine Thousand Years Ago at the Bawa Yawan Rockshelter, Kermanshah, Zagros Highlands
Saman Heydari-Guran, Nemat Hariri, Martin Kehl, Samran Asiabani, Faramarz Azizi, Elham Ghasidian
Water Stress and Imperial Politics in the Southern Zagros Mountains: An Interdisciplinary Approach in Long-Term Perspective
Andrea Ricci, Silvia Balatti, Elodie Brisset, Morteza Djamali, Abdolmajid Naderi Beni, Ahmad Azadi, Pejman Firoozbakhsh
Settlement, subsistence and mobility
Resilience in Practice: A View from the Kura-Araxes Cultural Tradition in Iran
Sepideh Maziar
Reaching the Breaking Point? Developments in the Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age Varamin Plain
Susan Pollock, Morteza Hessari, Reinhard Bernbeck
The Bronze and Iron Age of Mazandaran (3200–1000 BCE): Resilience and Cultural Adaptability
Hassan Fazeli Nashli, Mojtaba Safari, Yunshi Huang, Zhenhua Deng, Hadi Davoudi, Xiaohong Wu
The Environmental Limitations for the Pastoral-Nomadic Way of Life in the Karadagh Highlands of Northwestern Iran: Evidence from the Iron Age I-II and Modern Times
Bahram Ajorloo
Political and economic institutions
Second-Year Cows for Manlari. Elamite State Investment in Cattle Husbandry in the Southern Zagros Mountains
Azam Rayat and Walther Sallaberger
Coping with Problems of Mining: Approaching Resilience Strategies through the Study of Resource-Scapes in the Iranian Highlands
Thomas Stöllner
Imperial Control and Highland Resilience in the Parthian Zagros
Michael Brown and Shelir Amelirad
Resilience in Centralized State Systems. The Persepolis Fortification Archive and Achaemenid Institutional Longevity
Wouter F. M. Henkelman, Kai Kaniuth, Kourosh Mohammadkhani
Prestigious Building and Urban Development in Ilkhanid Iran: The Rabʿ-i Rashīdī in Tabrīz as an Example of Resilience and Vulnerability in a Long-Term Perspective
Birgitt Hoffmann, Lorenz Korn, Thomas Lorain, Jonas Elbers, Maryam Moeini
Dynamics of Development and Resilience in Western Fars: The Bozpar Valley
Stefan R. Hauser, Giuseppe Labisi, Elnaz Rashidian |
2022
|
 | Maziar, Sepideh: Evaluation of the Kura-Araxes migration: From a mono-factorial phantasm to a multi-dimensional phenomenon. In: Kosyan, Aram; Avetisyan, Pavel; Martirosyan-Olshansky, Kristine; Bobokhyan, Arsen; Grekyan, Yervand (Ed.): Paradise Lost. The Phenomenon of the Kura-Araxes Tradition along the Fertile Crescent Collection of papers honouring Ruben S. Badalyan on the occassion of his 65th birthday, Archaeopress, 2022. @inbook{nokey,
title = {Evaluation of the Kura-Araxes migration: From a mono-factorial phantasm to a multi-dimensional phenomenon},
author = {Sepideh Maziar},
editor = {Aram Kosyan and Pavel Avetisyan and Kristine Martirosyan-Olshansky and Arsen Bobokhyan and Yervand Grekyan},
doi = {10.32028/ajnes.v16i1-2.1834},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-31},
booktitle = {Paradise Lost. The Phenomenon of the Kura-Araxes Tradition along the Fertile Crescent Collection of papers honouring Ruben S. Badalyan on the occassion of his 65th birthday},
journal = {ARAMAZD. Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies (AJNES)},
publisher = {Archaeopress},
abstract = {Many scholars concerned with the Kura-Araxes cultural tradition take many aspects of this complex phenomenon for granted. In most publications, the expansion of this tradition across a vast area is treated like the movement of people from point A to B, or in the best case, as the waves of movement between these points. In most of them, migration is considered a direct reaction of people to population growth, lack of pasture lands, environmental stresses, and the Kura-Araxes as environmental or conflict refugees that flee a threat. These perspectives in recent years terminated to some skeptics regarding considering the distribution of the Kura-Araxes material culture as a result of migration. On the other hand, turning to be once again a buzzword, ‘migration’ as an explanation, is considered anachronistic among some archaeologists. This article will reevaluate different scenarios related to the Kura-Araxes phenomenon to see where we stand and how we can overcome these shortcomings. It seems that the Kura-Araxes phenomenon at the current state of our understanding suffers different drawbacks at different levels. The migration scenario itself and the mechanism behind it are still vague, and the relationship between the core area and diaspora is rarely addressed. It is suggested that approaches such as ‘resilience theory’ and discussing the Kura- Araxes phenomenon and migration in the context of social resilience will be more promising for the topic at hand.},
keywords = {Bronze Age, Kura-Araxes, Mobility, Resilience, Translocality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Many scholars concerned with the Kura-Araxes cultural tradition take many aspects of this complex phenomenon for granted. In most publications, the expansion of this tradition across a vast area is treated like the movement of people from point A to B, or in the best case, as the waves of movement between these points. In most of them, migration is considered a direct reaction of people to population growth, lack of pasture lands, environmental stresses, and the Kura-Araxes as environmental or conflict refugees that flee a threat. These perspectives in recent years terminated to some skeptics regarding considering the distribution of the Kura-Araxes material culture as a result of migration. On the other hand, turning to be once again a buzzword, ‘migration’ as an explanation, is considered anachronistic among some archaeologists. This article will reevaluate different scenarios related to the Kura-Araxes phenomenon to see where we stand and how we can overcome these shortcomings. It seems that the Kura-Araxes phenomenon at the current state of our understanding suffers different drawbacks at different levels. The migration scenario itself and the mechanism behind it are still vague, and the relationship between the core area and diaspora is rarely addressed. It is suggested that approaches such as ‘resilience theory’ and discussing the Kura- Araxes phenomenon and migration in the context of social resilience will be more promising for the topic at hand. |
 | Kashani, Natascha Bagherpour: Depositional Practices at the Natural Sanctuary of Veshnaveh, Central Iran: Jewellery and Watery Caves. Verlag Marie Leidorf, Rahden/Westfalen, 2022. @book{nokey,
title = {Depositional Practices at the Natural Sanctuary of Veshnaveh, Central Iran: Jewellery and Watery Caves},
author = {Natascha Bagherpour Kashani},
url = {https://www.academia.edu/74606881/Depositional_Practices_at_the_Natural_Sanctuary_of_Veshnaveh_Central_Iran_with_a_contribution_on_glass_analysis_by_James_Lankton_and_Bernard_Gratuze},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-00-00},
urldate = {2022-00-00},
publisher = {Verlag Marie Leidorf},
address = {Rahden/Westfalen},
series = {Mining Archaeology in Iran 1 },
abstract = {The mining archaeological excavations in Veshnaveh were among the first systematic of their kind in Iran. This is surprising, since the site itself had been known and described since the 1970s, but could not be investigated thoroughly until the early 2000s. The joint Iranian-German research in Veshnaveh was carried out as a part of the “Early Min- ing and Metallurgy in West-Central Iran” project, which had been continued until 2005. In this context, the mining area of Veshnaveh was comprehensively researched and, for the first time, underground excavations and surveys were carried out in the vicinity of the mining area. During our research of the mining evidence, it was the more surprising to discover ritual re-use of a Bronze Age copper mine. The excavations from 2001 onwards made it immediately clear that these deposits were not part of mining debris as one would have expected for mining activities. The findings suggested a different con- text and it was clear that this was a special rural sanc- tuary of pre- and early Zoroastrian cults.},
keywords = {Bronze Age, Copper, copper base, Metal Resources, Mining, Qom, Religious structures, Resources},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
The mining archaeological excavations in Veshnaveh were among the first systematic of their kind in Iran. This is surprising, since the site itself had been known and described since the 1970s, but could not be investigated thoroughly until the early 2000s. The joint Iranian-German research in Veshnaveh was carried out as a part of the “Early Min- ing and Metallurgy in West-Central Iran” project, which had been continued until 2005. In this context, the mining area of Veshnaveh was comprehensively researched and, for the first time, underground excavations and surveys were carried out in the vicinity of the mining area. During our research of the mining evidence, it was the more surprising to discover ritual re-use of a Bronze Age copper mine. The excavations from 2001 onwards made it immediately clear that these deposits were not part of mining debris as one would have expected for mining activities. The findings suggested a different con- text and it was clear that this was a special rural sanc- tuary of pre- and early Zoroastrian cults. |
 | Labisi, Guiseppe: Squinches and Semi-domes Between the Late Sasanian and Early Islamic Periods. In: Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, iss. 28, no. 2, pp. 236-49, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Squinches and Semi-domes Between the Late Sasanian and Early Islamic Periods},
author = {Guiseppe Labisi},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/05786967.2019.1633241},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-00-00},
urldate = {2022-00-00},
journal = {Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies},
number = {2},
issue = {28},
pages = {236-49},
abstract = {The aim of this paper is to present a first attempt at a comprehensive classification of squinches related to semi-domes, in Persian kāna pūsh, in Greater Syria, Mesopotamia and Iran between the late Sasanian and early Islamic periods. This feature is a characteristic of the Persian architectural tradition: all the preserved examples are in buildings of considerable importance (most are related to the architecture of the élites) and demonstrate a typological evolution. Furthermore, their origin can also be backdated to between the late Sasanian and early Islamic periods.},
keywords = {Architecture, Islamic era, Sasanian, Social, social relations, Syria},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The aim of this paper is to present a first attempt at a comprehensive classification of squinches related to semi-domes, in Persian kāna pūsh, in Greater Syria, Mesopotamia and Iran between the late Sasanian and early Islamic periods. This feature is a characteristic of the Persian architectural tradition: all the preserved examples are in buildings of considerable importance (most are related to the architecture of the élites) and demonstrate a typological evolution. Furthermore, their origin can also be backdated to between the late Sasanian and early Islamic periods. |
 | Aali, Abolfazl; Mostafapour, Iman; Zifar, Hamed; Stöllner, Thomas: Stratigraphical Excavations at Tappeh Kūzehchi, Zanjan Province. In: Proceedings of the 19th Annual Symposium of Iranian Archaeology, pp. 655-62, National Museum of Iran, Tehran, 2022. @inbook{nokey,
title = {Stratigraphical Excavations at Tappeh Kūzehchi, Zanjan Province},
author = {Abolfazl Aali and Iman Mostafapour and Hamed Zifar and Thomas Stöllner},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-00-00},
urldate = {2022-00-00},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th Annual Symposium of Iranian Archaeology},
pages = {655-62},
publisher = {National Museum of Iran},
address = {Tehran},
keywords = {Zanjan},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
 | Hoffmann, Birgitt: The Mongol Ilkhanate of Iran: Realm or Empire?. In: Gehler, Michael; Rollinger, Robert (Ed.): Empires to be Remembered. Ancient World through Modern Times, pp. 355-365, Springer, Wiesbaden, 2022, ISSN: 2524-3780. @inbook{nokey,
title = {The Mongol Ilkhanate of Iran: Realm or Empire?},
author = {Birgitt Hoffmann},
editor = {Michael Gehler and Robert Rollinger},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34003-2},
issn = {2524-3780},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-00-00},
urldate = {2022-00-00},
booktitle = {Empires to be Remembered. Ancient World through Modern Times},
pages = {355-365},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Wiesbaden},
keywords = {Ilkhanate, Islamic era, Mongols},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
 | Moskvin, Aleksei; Grömer, Karina; Moskvina, Mariia; Kuzmichev, Victor; Stöllner, Thomas; Aali, Abolfazl: 3D Visualization of the 2400-Year-Old Garments of Salt Man 4 from Chehrābād, Iran.. In: Ulanowska, Agata; Grömer, Karina; Berghe, Ina Vanden; Öhrman, Magdalena (Ed.): Ancient Textile Production from an Interdisciplinary Perspective, Springer, Cham, 2022, ISBN: 978-3-030-92170-5. @inbook{nokey,
title = {3D Visualization of the 2400-Year-Old Garments of Salt Man 4 from Chehrābād, Iran.},
author = {Aleksei Moskvin and Karina Grömer and Mariia Moskvina and Victor Kuzmichev and Thomas Stöllner and Abolfazl Aali},
editor = {Agata Ulanowska and Karina Grömer and Ina Vanden Berghe and Magdalena Öhrman},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92170-5_18},
isbn = {978-3-030-92170-5},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-00-00},
urldate = {2022-00-00},
booktitle = {Ancient Textile Production from an Interdisciplinary Perspective},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Cham},
series = {Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology},
keywords = {Achaemenid, Mining, Organic remains, Zanjan},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
 | Stöllner, Thomas: Entangled Connections: Materialized Practices of Knowledge-Networks of Mining: From the Theoretical Level to its Empirical Consequences in Mining Archaeology.. In: Farrenkopf, Michael; Siemer, Stefan (Ed.): Materielle Kulturen des Bergbaus – Material Cultures of Mining: Zugänge, Aspekte und Beispiele – Approaches, Aspects and Examples, pp. 317-344, De Gruyter Oldenbourg, Berlin and Boston, 2022. @inbook{nokey,
title = {Entangled Connections: Materialized Practices of Knowledge-Networks of Mining: From the Theoretical Level to its Empirical Consequences in Mining Archaeology.},
author = {Thomas Stöllner},
editor = {Michael Farrenkopf and Stefan Siemer},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110729955},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-00-00},
urldate = {2022-00-00},
booktitle = {Materielle Kulturen des Bergbaus – Material Cultures of Mining: Zugänge, Aspekte und Beispiele – Approaches, Aspects and Examples},
pages = {317-344},
publisher = {De Gruyter Oldenbourg},
address = {Berlin and Boston},
series = {Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum 243},
keywords = {Minerals, Mining, Resources, Social, social relations},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
 | Rol, Nolwen; Bernbeck, Reinhard; Wolff-Heger, Lisa; Akbari, Hassan; Hessari, Morteza; Pollock, Susan; Schäfer, Daniel: Chalcolithic Painted Pottery of the Sialk III Period: Quantifying Stylistic Continuities and Changes on the Northern Central Plateau. In: Iran. Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Chalcolithic Painted Pottery of the Sialk III Period: Quantifying Stylistic Continuities and Changes on the Northern Central Plateau},
author = {Nolwen Rol and Reinhard Bernbeck and Lisa Wolff-Heger and Hassan Akbari and Morteza Hessari and Susan Pollock and Daniel Schäfer},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/05786967.2022.2101937},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-00-00},
urldate = {2022-00-00},
journal = {Iran. Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies},
abstract = {In the last two decades, the Varamin Plain to the southeast of Tehran has been the focus of intensified archaeological work, with surveys and excavations yielding new insights into the region’s settlement history. New material from the dynamic network of Chalcolithic sites on the Jajrud alluvial fan now offers a more solid basis to assess the links between the Varamin Plain and the site of Tappeh Sialk in the Kashan Plain, which still remains a reference point for this period. In this paper, we use painted pottery to examine the dating and relationships of the settlements of Ahmadabad-e Kuzehgaran and Chaltasian on the Varamin Plain to Tappeh Sialk. Based on an in-depth quantitative analysis of motif assemblages at the three sites, we evaluate contemporaneities as well as stylistic similarities and differences. We highlight both shared temporal trends and regional specificities.},
keywords = {Chalcolithic, Pottery, Varamin Plain},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the last two decades, the Varamin Plain to the southeast of Tehran has been the focus of intensified archaeological work, with surveys and excavations yielding new insights into the region’s settlement history. New material from the dynamic network of Chalcolithic sites on the Jajrud alluvial fan now offers a more solid basis to assess the links between the Varamin Plain and the site of Tappeh Sialk in the Kashan Plain, which still remains a reference point for this period. In this paper, we use painted pottery to examine the dating and relationships of the settlements of Ahmadabad-e Kuzehgaran and Chaltasian on the Varamin Plain to Tappeh Sialk. Based on an in-depth quantitative analysis of motif assemblages at the three sites, we evaluate contemporaneities as well as stylistic similarities and differences. We highlight both shared temporal trends and regional specificities. |
2021
|
 | Heydari-Guran, Saman; Benazzi, Stefano; Talamo, Sahra; Ghasidian, Elham; Hariri, Nemat; Oxilia, Gregorio; Asiabani, Samran; Azizi, Faramarz; Naderi, Rahmat; Safaierad, Reza; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Foley, Robert A.; Lahr, Marta M.: The discovery of an in situ Neanderthal remain in the Bawa Yawan Rockshelter, West-Central Zagros Mountains, Kermanshah. In: PLoS ONE, vol. 16, no. 8, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {The discovery of an in situ Neanderthal remain in the Bawa Yawan Rockshelter, West-Central Zagros Mountains, Kermanshah},
author = {Saman Heydari-Guran and Stefano Benazzi and Sahra Talamo and Elham Ghasidian and Nemat Hariri and Gregorio Oxilia and Samran Asiabani and Faramarz Azizi and Rahmat Naderi and Reza Safaierad and Jean-Jacques Hublin and Robert A. Foley and Marta M. Lahr},
editor = { David Caramelli},
url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0253708},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253708},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-08-26},
urldate = {2021-08-26},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
abstract = {Neanderthal extinction has been a matter of debate for many years. New discoveries, better chronologies and genomic evidence have done much to clarify some of the issues. This evidence suggests that Neanderthals became extinct around 40,000–37,000 years before present (BP), after a period of coexistence with Homo sapiens of several millennia, involving biological and cultural interactions between the two groups. However, the bulk of this evidence relates to Western Eurasia, and recent work in Central Asia and Siberia has shown that there is considerable local variation. Southwestern Asia, despite having a number of significant Neanderthal remains, has not played a major part in the debate over extinction. Here we report a Neanderthal deciduous canine from the site of Bawa Yawan in the West-Central Zagros Mountains of Iran. The tooth is associated with Zagros Mousterian lithics, and its context is preliminary dated to between ~43,600 and ~41,500 years ago.},
keywords = {Mousterian, Neanderthal, Zagros},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Neanderthal extinction has been a matter of debate for many years. New discoveries, better chronologies and genomic evidence have done much to clarify some of the issues. This evidence suggests that Neanderthals became extinct around 40,000–37,000 years before present (BP), after a period of coexistence with Homo sapiens of several millennia, involving biological and cultural interactions between the two groups. However, the bulk of this evidence relates to Western Eurasia, and recent work in Central Asia and Siberia has shown that there is considerable local variation. Southwestern Asia, despite having a number of significant Neanderthal remains, has not played a major part in the debate over extinction. Here we report a Neanderthal deciduous canine from the site of Bawa Yawan in the West-Central Zagros Mountains of Iran. The tooth is associated with Zagros Mousterian lithics, and its context is preliminary dated to between ~43,600 and ~41,500 years ago. |
 | Zalaghi, Ali; Maziar, Sepideh; Aghalari, Bayram; Mashkour, Marjan; Jayez, Mozhgan: Kohne Tepesi: A Kura-Araxes and Parthian settlement in the Araxes River Basin, Northwest Iran. In: Journal of Iran National Museum, vol. 2, no. 1, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {Kohne Tepesi: A Kura-Araxes and Parthian settlement in the Araxes River Basin, Northwest Iran},
author = {Ali Zalaghi and Sepideh Maziar and Bayram Aghalari and Marjan Mashkour and Mozhgan Jayez},
doi = {10.22034/JINM.2021.253021},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Iran National Museum},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
abstract = {From an archaeological perspective, the Araxes river basin is still one of the lesser known areas, either its northern or southern sides. Recent archaeological surveys and excavations at different sites in the recent decade shed more light on the cultural development of the basin, especially in the Khoda Afarin and Jolfa Plain as well as the Mughan Steppe. However, the basin still suffers from the lack of systematic excavation or survey in many parts. Among these recent projects, the Khoda Afarin rescue project was a focal point in the archaeology of this area. It retrieved new information from the Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age as well as Parthian periods. Kohne Tepesi, one of the excavated sites, is an important site that yielded crucial findings from the Early Bronze Age and Parthian period. A cemetery from the Late Islamic period, which consists of graves without artifacts, partially damaged the large-scale stone architecture dated to the Parthian period. The exact function of this fortified structure remains to be determined. Nevertheless, based on comparable structures throughout the basin, it might be interpreted either as a garrison or part of a feudal socioeconomic organization. The main occupational phase of the site is related to the Kura-Araxes culture with six meters of deposits and two chamber graves that raises new challenges and questions regarding the nature of this tradition. In this paper, we briefly discuss the architectural structures, graves, pottery, chipped stone assemblages, as well as faunal remains of each period.},
keywords = {Kura-Araxes, Parthian, Settlement structure},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
From an archaeological perspective, the Araxes river basin is still one of the lesser known areas, either its northern or southern sides. Recent archaeological surveys and excavations at different sites in the recent decade shed more light on the cultural development of the basin, especially in the Khoda Afarin and Jolfa Plain as well as the Mughan Steppe. However, the basin still suffers from the lack of systematic excavation or survey in many parts. Among these recent projects, the Khoda Afarin rescue project was a focal point in the archaeology of this area. It retrieved new information from the Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age as well as Parthian periods. Kohne Tepesi, one of the excavated sites, is an important site that yielded crucial findings from the Early Bronze Age and Parthian period. A cemetery from the Late Islamic period, which consists of graves without artifacts, partially damaged the large-scale stone architecture dated to the Parthian period. The exact function of this fortified structure remains to be determined. Nevertheless, based on comparable structures throughout the basin, it might be interpreted either as a garrison or part of a feudal socioeconomic organization. The main occupational phase of the site is related to the Kura-Araxes culture with six meters of deposits and two chamber graves that raises new challenges and questions regarding the nature of this tradition. In this paper, we briefly discuss the architectural structures, graves, pottery, chipped stone assemblages, as well as faunal remains of each period. |
 | Stöllner, Thomas; Nokandeh, Jebrael (Ed.): Human Search for Resources. Highlights of Ancient Mining from the German Mining Museum Bochum. 2021. @book{nokey,
title = {Human Search for Resources. Highlights of Ancient Mining from the German Mining Museum Bochum},
editor = {Thomas Stöllner and Jebrael Nokandeh},
url = {https://iranhighlands.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/5-3_Human-Search-for-Resources_klein.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
abstract = {“Human Search for Resources” is a joint exhibition between the German Mining Museum in Bochum and the National Museum of Iran. It seeks to follow the appropriation of humans to mineral resources and the development of the history of human experiences and achievements in mining, which led to the development of technologies, the formation of professions, trade and specialization of industries. More than 200 artefacts from different parts of the world will be shown, such as the findings of the Austrian salt mines or the relief of Linares from Spain, each of which is a valuable symbol of human interaction with natural heritage.},
keywords = {Mining, Resources, Social, social relations, Trade},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
“Human Search for Resources” is a joint exhibition between the German Mining Museum in Bochum and the National Museum of Iran. It seeks to follow the appropriation of humans to mineral resources and the development of the history of human experiences and achievements in mining, which led to the development of technologies, the formation of professions, trade and specialization of industries. More than 200 artefacts from different parts of the world will be shown, such as the findings of the Austrian salt mines or the relief of Linares from Spain, each of which is a valuable symbol of human interaction with natural heritage. |
 | Franke, Kristina A.; Kouroshi, Yahya; Skowronek, Miriam; Stöllner, Thomas (Ed.): DFG-SPP 2176: The Iranian Highlands – Resiliences and Integration in Premodern Societies. Accompanying Booklet to the Special Exhibition. 2021. @booklet{nokey,
title = {DFG-SPP 2176: The Iranian Highlands – Resiliences and Integration in Premodern Societies. Accompanying Booklet to the Special Exhibition},
editor = {Kristina A. Franke and Yahya Kouroshi and Miriam Skowronek and Thomas Stöllner},
url = {https://news.rub.de/sites/default/files/spp2176_exhibitbroshuresmall.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
abstract = {The DFG Priority Programme 2176 “The Iranian Highlands: Resilience and Integration in Premodern Societies” consists of 11 individual projects and a coordination programme. Our common goal is to explore early societies of the Iranian highlands and their resilience strategies. International cooperation of a large number of diff erent institutions in Europe and Iran is the basis for the research endeavour. In addition, there is intensive exchange with the “Patrimonies Project” and the project “Documentation and Historical Dialectology of Lori”, two associated projects that focus on current living conditions, the protection of cultural heritage and the study of dialects in the Iranian highlands.},
month = {00},
keywords = {Administration, Institutions, Integration, Landscape, Mobility, Resilience, Resources},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {booklet}
}
The DFG Priority Programme 2176 “The Iranian Highlands: Resilience and Integration in Premodern Societies” consists of 11 individual projects and a coordination programme. Our common goal is to explore early societies of the Iranian highlands and their resilience strategies. International cooperation of a large number of diff erent institutions in Europe and Iran is the basis for the research endeavour. In addition, there is intensive exchange with the “Patrimonies Project” and the project “Documentation and Historical Dialectology of Lori”, two associated projects that focus on current living conditions, the protection of cultural heritage and the study of dialects in the Iranian highlands. |
 | Henkelman, Wouter F. M.: The Fruits of Pārsa. In: Paleopersepolis: Environment, landscape and society in ancient Fars (Oriens et Occidens), vol. 33, pp. 133-67, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {The Fruits of Pārsa},
author = {Wouter F.M. Henkelman},
url = {https://www.academia.edu/67513894/The_fruits_of_P%C4%81rsa},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
journal = {Paleopersepolis: Environment, landscape and society in ancient Fars (Oriens et Occidens)},
volume = {33},
pages = {133-67},
keywords = {Environmental conditions, Landscape, Social, social relations},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
 | Djamali, Morteza; Rashidian, Elnaz; Askari-Chaverdi, Alireza; Aubert, Cyril; Brisset, Elodie; Demory, François; Faucherre, Nicolas; Gandouin, Emmanuel; Lahijani, Hamid; Marriner, Nick; Naderi-Beni, Abdolmajid; Parnell, Andrew: Early Sasanian Landscape Modification: New Geoarchaeological Evidence From the Ardashir Pond in Southwest Iran (Palace of Ardashir, Third Century CE). In: Geoarchaeology, iss. 36, pp. 925–42, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {Early Sasanian Landscape Modification: New Geoarchaeological Evidence From the Ardashir Pond in Southwest Iran (Palace of Ardashir, Third Century CE)},
author = {Morteza Djamali and Elnaz Rashidian and Alireza Askari-Chaverdi and Cyril Aubert and Elodie Brisset and François Demory and Nicolas Faucherre and Emmanuel Gandouin and Hamid Lahijani and Nick Marriner and Abdolmajid Naderi-Beni and Andrew Parnell},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21880},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
journal = {Geoarchaeology},
issue = {36},
pages = {925–42},
abstract = {The Sasanian period (224–651 CE) marked an era of large-scale urban projects in southwest Asia, including Iran's semi-arid highlands, with particular efforts to manipulate water bodies. This study presents a recent interdisciplinary investigation of a spring-fed pond at the entrance of the Palace of Ardashir (Firuzabad plain, southwest Iran), part of a recently registered World Heritage site. Historical accounts suggest that the entire water system of the plain, including the pond, underwent a hydraulic re-organization at the beginning of the Sasanian period, a fact that has never been investigated geoarchaeologically. A series of sediment cores were retrieved from the pond to probe its evolution and examine the extent of its landscape modification. The cores were sedimentologically described and radiocarbon-dated with age–depth models established based on 57 AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) 14C dates to understand the basin's depositional history. The results indicate that (i) Ardashir Pond has existed as part of a larger wetland complex since at least 4500 years ago, (ii) it was substantially enlarged at the beginning of the Sasanian era, and (iii) it was abandoned at the end of the Sasanian period. The Ardashir Pond is one of the first geoarchaeologically investigated case studies to demonstrate the Sasanian landscape in the framework of the “Iranshahr” sociopolitical concept.},
keywords = {Fars, Landscape, Sasanian},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Sasanian period (224–651 CE) marked an era of large-scale urban projects in southwest Asia, including Iran's semi-arid highlands, with particular efforts to manipulate water bodies. This study presents a recent interdisciplinary investigation of a spring-fed pond at the entrance of the Palace of Ardashir (Firuzabad plain, southwest Iran), part of a recently registered World Heritage site. Historical accounts suggest that the entire water system of the plain, including the pond, underwent a hydraulic re-organization at the beginning of the Sasanian period, a fact that has never been investigated geoarchaeologically. A series of sediment cores were retrieved from the pond to probe its evolution and examine the extent of its landscape modification. The cores were sedimentologically described and radiocarbon-dated with age–depth models established based on 57 AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) 14C dates to understand the basin's depositional history. The results indicate that (i) Ardashir Pond has existed as part of a larger wetland complex since at least 4500 years ago, (ii) it was substantially enlarged at the beginning of the Sasanian era, and (iii) it was abandoned at the end of the Sasanian period. The Ardashir Pond is one of the first geoarchaeologically investigated case studies to demonstrate the Sasanian landscape in the framework of the “Iranshahr” sociopolitical concept. |
 | Djamali, Morteza; Rashidian, Elnaz; Capano, Manuela; Askari-Chaverdi, Alireza; Faucherre, Nicolas; Guibal, Frédéric; Northedge, Alastair; Tuna, Thibaut; Bard, Edouard: An Absolute Radiocarbon Chronology for the World Heritage Site of Sarvestan (SW Iran): A Late Sasanian Heritage in Early Islamic Era. In: Archaeometry, iss. 64, no. 2, pp. 545–59, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {An Absolute Radiocarbon Chronology for the World Heritage Site of Sarvestan (SW Iran): A Late Sasanian Heritage in Early Islamic Era},
author = {Morteza Djamali and Elnaz Rashidian and Manuela Capano and Alireza Askari-Chaverdi and Nicolas Faucherre and Frédéric Guibal and Alastair Northedge and Thibaut Tuna and Edouard Bard},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12716},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
journal = {Archaeometry},
number = {2},
issue = {64},
pages = {545–59},
abstract = {This study presents a new precise radiocarbon chronology for the World Heritage site of Sarvestan (SW Iran). The monument is a key construction in the history of architecture because it is a typical Sasanian construction built during the late Sasanian or early Islamic period. Previous attempts to date the monument have suggested the ages ranging from the middle Sasanian (fifth century CE) to early Abbasid (ninth century CE) era. These age estimations are based on the analysis of architectural plans and techniques, and a few radiocarbon dates with very large age uncertainties. This paper presents the results of a systematic radiocarbon dating of timbers in the walls and charcoals in plaster mortars used in the main dome of the monument. It further applies wiggle matching technique and R_Combine function to substantially reduce the age uncertainties in wood sections. The results indicate that a major construction work was undertaken sometime between 658 and 683 CE, the century of the invasion of Fars by Muslim Arabs. This finding pushes back the age of Sarvestan for two centuries and suggests that the monument was built at the transitional period between Sasanian to Islamic era. Sarvestan would have been an architectural project designed and possibly initiated during the late Sasanian period but mainly accomplished during the second half of the seventh century CE. It can thus be considered a late Sasanian heritage in early Islamic period. Its construction at a time of political unrest further suggests that some areas of Fars may have benefited from certain socio-political stabilities during the expansion of Islam into the east at mid- to late seventh century CE.},
keywords = {Dating, Islamic era, Sasanian},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study presents a new precise radiocarbon chronology for the World Heritage site of Sarvestan (SW Iran). The monument is a key construction in the history of architecture because it is a typical Sasanian construction built during the late Sasanian or early Islamic period. Previous attempts to date the monument have suggested the ages ranging from the middle Sasanian (fifth century CE) to early Abbasid (ninth century CE) era. These age estimations are based on the analysis of architectural plans and techniques, and a few radiocarbon dates with very large age uncertainties. This paper presents the results of a systematic radiocarbon dating of timbers in the walls and charcoals in plaster mortars used in the main dome of the monument. It further applies wiggle matching technique and R_Combine function to substantially reduce the age uncertainties in wood sections. The results indicate that a major construction work was undertaken sometime between 658 and 683 CE, the century of the invasion of Fars by Muslim Arabs. This finding pushes back the age of Sarvestan for two centuries and suggests that the monument was built at the transitional period between Sasanian to Islamic era. Sarvestan would have been an architectural project designed and possibly initiated during the late Sasanian period but mainly accomplished during the second half of the seventh century CE. It can thus be considered a late Sasanian heritage in early Islamic period. Its construction at a time of political unrest further suggests that some areas of Fars may have benefited from certain socio-political stabilities during the expansion of Islam into the east at mid- to late seventh century CE. |
 | Hariri, Nemat; Rezalo, Reza; Zadeh, Ardeshir Javanmard; Heydari-Guran, Saman: Correlation of the Epipaleolithic Period in the West-Central Zagros and North Zagros with Climatic Events after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In: Journal of Research on Archaeometry, iss. 7, no. 1, pp. 205-29, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {Correlation of the Epipaleolithic Period in the West-Central Zagros and North Zagros with Climatic Events after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)},
author = {Nemat Hariri and Reza Rezalo and Ardeshir Javanmard Zadeh and Saman Heydari-Guran},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.52547/jra.7.1.205},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
journal = {Journal of Research on Archaeometry},
number = {1},
issue = {7},
pages = {205-29},
abstract = {Up to now, two areas of northern and west-central Zagros Mountains (ZM) have produced better information concerning the development of techno-typology of lithic artefacts during the Epipaleolithic period (EP) compare to the other part of this region. Although several caves and rockshelters associated with EP deposits are found in this region (Map 1), but they were not subject to study for the relationship between climate effect on cultural developments like the neighbored area of Levant. this deficiency can be attributed to a) the low number of excavated sites, b) poor stratigraphic control, and c) the lack of a sufficient number of absolute dates. Recent absolute date achievements from the EP site of Palegawra cave [17]. locates on the northern ZM alongside Paleoclimatic reconstruction in Hashilan wetland [8] based on the palynological studies have improved our understanding from Epipaleolthic cultural and environmental events for the region.},
keywords = {Palaeolithic, Zagros},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Up to now, two areas of northern and west-central Zagros Mountains (ZM) have produced better information concerning the development of techno-typology of lithic artefacts during the Epipaleolithic period (EP) compare to the other part of this region. Although several caves and rockshelters associated with EP deposits are found in this region (Map 1), but they were not subject to study for the relationship between climate effect on cultural developments like the neighbored area of Levant. this deficiency can be attributed to a) the low number of excavated sites, b) poor stratigraphic control, and c) the lack of a sufficient number of absolute dates. Recent absolute date achievements from the EP site of Palegawra cave [17]. locates on the northern ZM alongside Paleoclimatic reconstruction in Hashilan wetland [8] based on the palynological studies have improved our understanding from Epipaleolthic cultural and environmental events for the region. |
 | Henkelman, Wouter F. M.: Local Administration: Persia. In: A companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire, vol. 2, pp. 881—904, John Wiley & Sons, 2021. @inbook{nokey,
title = {Local Administration: Persia},
author = {Wouter F.M. Henkelman},
url = {https://www.academia.edu/41141153/Local_Administration_Persia},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
booktitle = {A companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire},
volume = {2},
pages = {881—904},
publisher = {John Wiley & Sons},
series = {A companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire 2},
abstract = {Two predominantly Elamite archives found at Persepolis are the prime source for the local administration of the Achaemenid heartland per se as well as for the backbone for any socioeconomic history of the empire at large. The sur- vey offered here centers on administrative structures, hierarchies, and proto-cols in relation with other textual sources; it is supplemented by another survey (Henkelman 2013b), focusing on find circumstances, formal charac-teristics, and connections with archeological discoveries (other surveys: Cahill 1985; Briant 2002: pp. 422–471; Henkelman 2008b: pp. 65–179, 2013a; Azzoni et al. 2017; Garrison 2017: pp. 15–116; cf. Kuhrt 2007: pp. 763–825).
},
keywords = {Achaemenid, Administration, Clay tablets, Elam, Institutions, Textual sources},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Two predominantly Elamite archives found at Persepolis are the prime source for the local administration of the Achaemenid heartland per se as well as for the backbone for any socioeconomic history of the empire at large. The sur- vey offered here centers on administrative structures, hierarchies, and proto-cols in relation with other textual sources; it is supplemented by another survey (Henkelman 2013b), focusing on find circumstances, formal charac-teristics, and connections with archeological discoveries (other surveys: Cahill 1985; Briant 2002: pp. 422–471; Henkelman 2008b: pp. 65–179, 2013a; Azzoni et al. 2017; Garrison 2017: pp. 15–116; cf. Kuhrt 2007: pp. 763–825).
|
 | Hessari, Morteza; Bernbeck, Reinhard; Pollock, Susan: A Brief Report on New Radiocarbon Dates from Tappeh Sofalin, Pishva, Iran. In: Iranian Journal of Archaeological Studies, iss. 12, no. 4, pp. 49-61, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {A Brief Report on New Radiocarbon Dates from Tappeh Sofalin, Pishva, Iran},
author = {Morteza Hessari and Reinhard Bernbeck and Susan Pollock},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2021.306385.142902},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
journal = {Iranian Journal of Archaeological Studies},
number = {4},
issue = {12},
pages = {49-61},
abstract = {In the summer of 2017, renewed fieldwork was undertaken at Tappeh Sofalin in the Varamin Plain. A total of 20 samples for absolute dating were collected during this season, several of which have been analyzed. We present this new evidence for the dating of the site and compare it briefly with published dates and analyses from other sites. Finally, we discuss implications for the chronology of the Proto-Elamite spread to the Central Plateau and other areas of Iran.},
keywords = {Chronology, Dating, Elam, Tehran},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the summer of 2017, renewed fieldwork was undertaken at Tappeh Sofalin in the Varamin Plain. A total of 20 samples for absolute dating were collected during this season, several of which have been analyzed. We present this new evidence for the dating of the site and compare it briefly with published dates and analyses from other sites. Finally, we discuss implications for the chronology of the Proto-Elamite spread to the Central Plateau and other areas of Iran. |
 | Heydari-Guran, Saman; Douka, Katerina; Higham, Thomas; Münzel, Susanne C.; Deckers, Katleen; Hourshid, Shaghayegh; Naderi, Rahmat; Asiabani, Samran; Ghasidian, Elham: Early Upper Palaeolithic Occupation at Gelimgoush Cave, Kermanshah; West-Central Zagros Mountains of Iran. In: Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, iss. 38, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {Early Upper Palaeolithic Occupation at Gelimgoush Cave, Kermanshah; West-Central Zagros Mountains of Iran},
author = {Saman Heydari-Guran and Katerina Douka and Thomas Higham and Susanne C. Münzel and Katleen Deckers and Shaghayegh Hourshid and Rahmat Naderi and Samran Asiabani and Elham Ghasidian},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103050},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports},
issue = {38},
abstract = {The timing and dispersal routes of Homo sapiens (H. sapiens) into the Iranian Plateau have always been a matter of debate in the recent years. Current studies on the Upper Palaeolithic period of the Zagros mountains demonstrated the later colonisation of West-Central Zagros by H. sapiens based on techno-typological and radiocarbon dating. The Kermanshah region is one of the main concentrations of Palaeolithic sites in the West-Central Zagros mountains. Despite presenting rich Palaeolithic sequence records, it suffers from the lack of stratified data associated with chronological control. This issue, until now, has prevented us from evaluating and knowing how these archaeological records relate to the patterns of H. sapiens dispersal and colonisation into the West-Central Zagros mountains. Here, we present the first excavated and dated Palaeolithic site in Kermanshah. Eshkaft-e Gelimgoush Cave yielded a classic Upper Palaeolithic assemblage, representing the Lorestan and Kermanshah (LaK) cultural group documented in the West-Central Zagros. Radiocarbon dates, associated with the material culture from this cave, provide the first dated stratified Upper Palaeolithic evidence in Kermanshah. The data from Eshkaft-e Gelimgoush are consistent with the cultural diversity model among the Upper Palaeolithic populations in the Zagros and confirm later colonisation of the West-Central than northern and southern Zagros mountains.},
keywords = {Kermanshah, Palaeolithic, Zagros},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The timing and dispersal routes of Homo sapiens (H. sapiens) into the Iranian Plateau have always been a matter of debate in the recent years. Current studies on the Upper Palaeolithic period of the Zagros mountains demonstrated the later colonisation of West-Central Zagros by H. sapiens based on techno-typological and radiocarbon dating. The Kermanshah region is one of the main concentrations of Palaeolithic sites in the West-Central Zagros mountains. Despite presenting rich Palaeolithic sequence records, it suffers from the lack of stratified data associated with chronological control. This issue, until now, has prevented us from evaluating and knowing how these archaeological records relate to the patterns of H. sapiens dispersal and colonisation into the West-Central Zagros mountains. Here, we present the first excavated and dated Palaeolithic site in Kermanshah. Eshkaft-e Gelimgoush Cave yielded a classic Upper Palaeolithic assemblage, representing the Lorestan and Kermanshah (LaK) cultural group documented in the West-Central Zagros. Radiocarbon dates, associated with the material culture from this cave, provide the first dated stratified Upper Palaeolithic evidence in Kermanshah. The data from Eshkaft-e Gelimgoush are consistent with the cultural diversity model among the Upper Palaeolithic populations in the Zagros and confirm later colonisation of the West-Central than northern and southern Zagros mountains. |
 | Maziar, Sepideh: Resilience and Migration: Time for Changing the Paradigm for Archaeologists?. 2021, visited: 30.11.2020. @online{nokey,
title = {Resilience and Migration: Time for Changing the Paradigm for Archaeologists?},
author = {Sepideh Maziar},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093035},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
booktitle = {TRAVAS: Theorizing Resilience and Vulnerability in Ancient Studies},
journal = {Archaeological Report Monograph Series },
number = {7},
abstract = {In the social sciences, there are different narratives of migration. In archaeology, however, this theme is conventionally tackled in many cases from within an old-fashioned traditional framework. Accordingly, some scholars consider it a mono-factorial approach that overlooks the complexity and diversity of other factors at play. Others ignore it, not wishing to be regarded as anachronistic scholars or as being trapped in culture-historical or diffusionist paradigms. In this short essay, I discuss migration in the context of social resilience by adopting approaches from human geography, such as translocality. I argue that this approach will be more promising in the context of migration in anthropological archaeology.},
keywords = {Mobility, Resilience},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
In the social sciences, there are different narratives of migration. In archaeology, however, this theme is conventionally tackled in many cases from within an old-fashioned traditional framework. Accordingly, some scholars consider it a mono-factorial approach that overlooks the complexity and diversity of other factors at play. Others ignore it, not wishing to be regarded as anachronistic scholars or as being trapped in culture-historical or diffusionist paradigms. In this short essay, I discuss migration in the context of social resilience by adopting approaches from human geography, such as translocality. I argue that this approach will be more promising in the context of migration in anthropological archaeology. |
 | Maziar, Sepideh: Geographical Proximity and Material Culture; The Interplay Between Syunik and the Southern Part of the Araxes River Basin in the 6th to the 3rd Millennium BC. In: Quaternary International, iss. 579, pp. 42-58, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {Geographical Proximity and Material Culture; The Interplay Between Syunik and the Southern Part of the Araxes River Basin in the 6th to the 3rd Millennium BC},
author = {Sepideh Maziar},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2020.03.055},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
journal = {Quaternary International},
issue = {579},
pages = {42-58},
abstract = {The region that is known today as Syunik in the south/southeastern part of Armenia is geographically a close neighbour of the southern part of the Araxes river basin in today Iran. Political upheavals and boundaries hindered fieldwork in these areas for many years. The archaeological project of the Araxes valley (APAV) is one of many other projects that launched in 2013 in this region and focused on the southern basin of the Araxes River. The results of the excavations of two sites, Kohne Pasgah Tepesi and Kohne Tepesi, and the intensive survey carried out in this area, enable us to shed more light on the settlement dynamics, material culture and economic/social networks of this area and its neighbours.
The period from the 6th up to the middle part of the 4th millennium BC represents the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods in this region. The material culture of both periods shares many common characteristics with contemporary traditions at sites of the southern Caucasus. Later, in the last part of the 4th millennium BC, a cultural tradition that originated in the southern Caucasus, known as the Kura-Araxes cultural tradition, expanded over a vast area, including the southern part of the Araxes river basin. Based on the study of the pottery styles and obsidian flow, the patterns of interconnection between regions, communities, and sources, and commodity flows are examined. The role of the Araxes River and its tributaries in this interplay over the stated time span is the other inquiry of this article. Furthermore, I will investigate whether spatial propinquity had any impact on commodity flows and exchange, and if so, did this impact affected the material culture and technological practices or not.},
keywords = {Bronze Age, Chalcolithic, Economy, Kura-Araxes, Neolithic, Settlement mobility, Social, social relations, Survey},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The region that is known today as Syunik in the south/southeastern part of Armenia is geographically a close neighbour of the southern part of the Araxes river basin in today Iran. Political upheavals and boundaries hindered fieldwork in these areas for many years. The archaeological project of the Araxes valley (APAV) is one of many other projects that launched in 2013 in this region and focused on the southern basin of the Araxes River. The results of the excavations of two sites, Kohne Pasgah Tepesi and Kohne Tepesi, and the intensive survey carried out in this area, enable us to shed more light on the settlement dynamics, material culture and economic/social networks of this area and its neighbours.
The period from the 6th up to the middle part of the 4th millennium BC represents the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods in this region. The material culture of both periods shares many common characteristics with contemporary traditions at sites of the southern Caucasus. Later, in the last part of the 4th millennium BC, a cultural tradition that originated in the southern Caucasus, known as the Kura-Araxes cultural tradition, expanded over a vast area, including the southern part of the Araxes river basin. Based on the study of the pottery styles and obsidian flow, the patterns of interconnection between regions, communities, and sources, and commodity flows are examined. The role of the Araxes River and its tributaries in this interplay over the stated time span is the other inquiry of this article. Furthermore, I will investigate whether spatial propinquity had any impact on commodity flows and exchange, and if so, did this impact affected the material culture and technological practices or not. |
 | Öhrström, Lena Maria; Marquez, Herman; Seiler, Roger; Bode, Beata; Aali, Abolfazl; Stöllner, Thomas; Rühli, Frank Jakobus: Radiological and Histological Findings in Ancient Salt Mummies From the Salt Mine of DouzlāKh, Iran. In: PLoS ONE, iss. 16, no. 4, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {Radiological and Histological Findings in Ancient Salt Mummies From the Salt Mine of DouzlāKh, Iran},
author = {Lena Maria Öhrström and Herman Marquez and Roger Seiler and Beata Bode and Abolfazl Aali and Thomas Stöllner and Frank Jakobus Rühli},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250745},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
number = {4},
issue = {16},
abstract = {Computed tomography studies and histological analyses were performed on the mummified remains found in the Chehrābād salt mine in northwestern Iran. The ancient salt mummies are dated to the Achaemenid (550–330 BC) and Sassanid (3rd–7th century AD) time period and died in mining incidents. The aim of the study was to describe the radiological and histological findings of several ancient Iranian salt mummies with special interest in pathological and postmortem changes. The mummified remains show multiple traumatic alterations, such as fractures and signs of massive compression. Histological analyses can clearly differentiate soft tissue, however the preservation status is variable. These Iranian salt mummies are a rare example of the ancient Iranian population. The soft tissue and organs are well preserved, however in different degrees due to the varying conditions.},
keywords = {Archaeobotany, Mining, Zanjan},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Computed tomography studies and histological analyses were performed on the mummified remains found in the Chehrābād salt mine in northwestern Iran. The ancient salt mummies are dated to the Achaemenid (550–330 BC) and Sassanid (3rd–7th century AD) time period and died in mining incidents. The aim of the study was to describe the radiological and histological findings of several ancient Iranian salt mummies with special interest in pathological and postmortem changes. The mummified remains show multiple traumatic alterations, such as fractures and signs of massive compression. Histological analyses can clearly differentiate soft tissue, however the preservation status is variable. These Iranian salt mummies are a rare example of the ancient Iranian population. The soft tissue and organs are well preserved, however in different degrees due to the varying conditions. |
 | Rossi, Conor; Ruß-Popa, Gabriela; Mattiangeli, Valeria; McDaid, Fionnuala; Hare, Andrew J.; Davoudi, Hossein; Laleh, Haeedeh; Lorzadeh, Zahra; Khazaeli, Roya; Fathi, Homa; Teasdale, Matthew D.; Aali, Abolfazl; Stöllner, Thomas; Mashkour, Marjan; Daly, Kevin G.: Exceptional Ancient DNA Preservation and Fibre Remains of a Sasanian Saltmine Sheep Mummy in ChehrāBāD, Iran. In: Biological letters, iss. 17, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {Exceptional Ancient DNA Preservation and Fibre Remains of a Sasanian Saltmine Sheep Mummy in ChehrāBāD, Iran},
author = {Conor Rossi and Gabriela Ruß-Popa and Valeria Mattiangeli and Fionnuala McDaid and Andrew J. Hare and Hossein Davoudi and Haeedeh Laleh and Zahra Lorzadeh and Roya Khazaeli and Homa Fathi and Matthew D. Teasdale and Abolfazl Aali and Thomas Stöllner and Marjan Mashkour and Kevin G. Daly},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2021.0222},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
journal = {Biological letters},
issue = {17},
abstract = {Mummified remains have long attracted interest as a potential source of ancient DNA. However, mummification is a rare process that requires an anhydrous environment to rapidly dehydrate and preserve tissue before complete decomposition occurs. We present the whole-genome sequences (3.94 X) of an approximately 1600-year-old naturally mummified sheep recovered from Chehrābād, a salt mine in northwestern Iran. Comparative analyses of published ancient sequences revealed the remarkable DNA integrity of this mummy. Hallmarks of postmortem damage, fragmentation and hydrolytic deamination are substantially reduced, likely owing to the high salinity of this taphonomic environment. Metagenomic analyses reflect the profound influence of high-salt content on decomposition; its microbial profile is predominated by halophilic archaea and bacteria, possibly contributing to the remarkable preservation of the sample. Applying population genomic analyses, we find clustering of this sheep with Southwest Asian modern breeds, suggesting ancestry continuity. Genotyping of a locus influencing the woolly phenotype showed the presence of an ancestral ‘hairy’ allele, consistent with hair fibre imaging. This, along with derived alleles associated with the fat-tail phenotype, provides genetic evidence that Sasanian-period Iranians maintained specialized sheep flocks for different uses, with the ‘hairy’, ‘fat-tailed’-genotyped sheep likely kept by the rural community of Chehrābād's miners.},
keywords = {Archaeozoology, Salt, Zanjan},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mummified remains have long attracted interest as a potential source of ancient DNA. However, mummification is a rare process that requires an anhydrous environment to rapidly dehydrate and preserve tissue before complete decomposition occurs. We present the whole-genome sequences (3.94 X) of an approximately 1600-year-old naturally mummified sheep recovered from Chehrābād, a salt mine in northwestern Iran. Comparative analyses of published ancient sequences revealed the remarkable DNA integrity of this mummy. Hallmarks of postmortem damage, fragmentation and hydrolytic deamination are substantially reduced, likely owing to the high salinity of this taphonomic environment. Metagenomic analyses reflect the profound influence of high-salt content on decomposition; its microbial profile is predominated by halophilic archaea and bacteria, possibly contributing to the remarkable preservation of the sample. Applying population genomic analyses, we find clustering of this sheep with Southwest Asian modern breeds, suggesting ancestry continuity. Genotyping of a locus influencing the woolly phenotype showed the presence of an ancestral ‘hairy’ allele, consistent with hair fibre imaging. This, along with derived alleles associated with the fat-tail phenotype, provides genetic evidence that Sasanian-period Iranians maintained specialized sheep flocks for different uses, with the ‘hairy’, ‘fat-tailed’-genotyped sheep likely kept by the rural community of Chehrābād's miners. |
 | Stöllner, Thomas; Aali, Abolfazl: Einblicke in eine Katastrophe. Das Salzbergwerk von Douzlākh bei Chehrābād. In: Karlsruhe, Badisches Landesmuseum (Ed.): vol. Die Perser. Am Hof der Großkönige, pp. 116-20, WBG/Philipp von Zabern, Darmstadt, 2021, ISBN: ISBN 978-3-8053-5276-5. @inbook{nokey,
title = {Einblicke in eine Katastrophe. Das Salzbergwerk von Douzlākh bei Chehrābād},
author = {Thomas Stöllner and Abolfazl Aali},
editor = {Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe},
url = {https://www.wbg-wissenverbindet.de/shop/35056/die-perser},
isbn = {ISBN 978-3-8053-5276-5},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
volume = {Die Perser. Am Hof der Großkönige},
pages = {116-20},
publisher = {WBG/Philipp von Zabern},
address = {Darmstadt},
keywords = {Achaemenid, Administration, Institutions, Mining, Salt, Sasanian, Zanjan},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
 | Henkelman, Wouter F. M.; Jacobs, Bruno: Roads and Communication. In: A companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire 1, vol. 1, pp. 219-735, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2021. @inbook{nokey,
title = {Roads and Communication},
author = {Wouter F.M. Henkelman and Bruno Jacobs},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119071860.ch53},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
booktitle = {A companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire 1},
volume = {1},
issue = {1},
pages = {219-735},
publisher = {John Wiley & Sons},
address = {Hoboken},
series = {A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire},
abstract = {A refined and extensive net of roads ran through the Achaemenid Empire, known as “royal roads” in the classical sources. They served messengers and embassies as well as being used for the transport of taxes and tributes. Because of their considerable width, they were suited for the movement of troops and transport by larger vehicles. Roads such as the well-documented connections between Sardis and Susa or between Persepolis and Susa crossed and opened up the entire empire. There were also countless auxiliary roads. Furthermore, travel and transport by water played an important role.
The transport network guaranteed a speedy flow of information and empire-wide communication, and thus provisioning for travelers was secured, way stations were maintained, and a high standard of safety was guaranteed.},
keywords = {Achaemenid, Administration, Institutions, Structure development},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
A refined and extensive net of roads ran through the Achaemenid Empire, known as “royal roads” in the classical sources. They served messengers and embassies as well as being used for the transport of taxes and tributes. Because of their considerable width, they were suited for the movement of troops and transport by larger vehicles. Roads such as the well-documented connections between Sardis and Susa or between Persepolis and Susa crossed and opened up the entire empire. There were also countless auxiliary roads. Furthermore, travel and transport by water played an important role.
The transport network guaranteed a speedy flow of information and empire-wide communication, and thus provisioning for travelers was secured, way stations were maintained, and a high standard of safety was guaranteed. |
 | Henkelman, Wouter F. M.; Stolper, Matthew W.: Counting Trees around Persepolis. In: Agut-Labordère, Damien; Boucharlat, Rémy; Joannès, Francis; Kuhrt, Amélie; Stolper, Matthew W. (Ed.): Achemenet, vingt ans après: Études offertes à Pierre Briant à l’occasion des vingt ans du Programme Achemenet , pp. 169-199, Peeters, Leuven, 2021. @inbook{nokey,
title = {Counting Trees around Persepolis},
author = {Wouter F.M. Henkelman and Matthew W. Stolper},
editor = {Damien Agut-Labordère and Rémy Boucharlat and Francis Joannès and Amélie Kuhrt and Matthew W. Stolper},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1q26jhj},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
booktitle = {Achemenet, vingt ans après: Études offertes à Pierre Briant à l’occasion des vingt ans du Programme Achemenet },
pages = {169-199},
publisher = {Peeters},
address = {Leuven},
series = {Persika 21},
keywords = {Achaemenid, Fars},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
 | Heydari-Guran, Saman; Ghasidian, Elham: Consistency of the ‘MIS 5 Humid Corridor Model’ for the Dispersal of Early Homo Sapiens into the Iranian Plateau. In: Autor*innenkollektiv, (Ed.): Pearls, Politics and Pistachios: Essays in Anthropology and Memories on the Occasion of Susan Pollock’s 65th Birthday, pp. 219-237, Propyleum, Heidelberg, 2021. @inbook{nokey,
title = {Consistency of the ‘MIS 5 Humid Corridor Model’ for the Dispersal of Early Homo Sapiens into the Iranian Plateau},
author = {Saman Heydari-Guran and Elham Ghasidian},
editor = {Autor*innenkollektiv},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.11588/propylaeum.837.c10746},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
booktitle = {Pearls, Politics and Pistachios: Essays in Anthropology and Memories on the Occasion of Susan Pollock’s 65th Birthday},
pages = {219-237},
publisher = {Propyleum},
address = {Heidelberg},
keywords = {Mobility, Nomadism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
 | Heydari-Guran, Saman; Ghasidian, Elham: Special Issue: Paleolithic of Iran 1. In: Archaeological Report Monographs Series, iss. 2, no. 7, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {Special Issue: Paleolithic of Iran 1},
author = {Saman Heydari-Guran and Elham Ghasidian},
editor = {Saman Heydari-Guran and Elham Ghasidian},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
journal = {Archaeological Report Monographs Series},
number = {7},
issue = {2},
keywords = {Palaeolithic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Hoffmann, Birgitt: The WaqfnāMa-Yi Rabʿ-I RashīDī – The Most Important Written Source for the Understanding of the Rabʿ-I RashīDī Endowment. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Commemoration of Rashid al-Din Fazl-Allah Hamadani (University of Tabriz, March 2021), pp. 337-348, University of Tabriz Press, Tabriz, 2021. @inbook{nokey,
title = {The WaqfnāMa-Yi Rabʿ-I RashīDī – The Most Important Written Source for the Understanding of the Rabʿ-I RashīDī Endowment},
author = {Birgitt Hoffmann},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Commemoration of Rashid al-Din Fazl-Allah Hamadani (University of Tabriz, March 2021)},
pages = {337-348},
publisher = {University of Tabriz Press},
address = {Tabriz},
keywords = {Administration, Foundation, Ilkhanate, Institutions, Mongols, Textual sources},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
| Fuchs, Christian: A Study of the Defensive Architecture on the Site. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Commemoration of Rashid al-Din Fazl-Allah Hamadani (University of Tabriz, March 2021), pp. 265-294, University of Tabriz Press, Tabriz, 2021. @inbook{nokey,
title = {A Study of the Defensive Architecture on the Site},
author = {Christian Fuchs},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Commemoration of Rashid al-Din Fazl-Allah Hamadani (University of Tabriz, March 2021)},
pages = {265-294},
publisher = {University of Tabriz Press},
address = {Tabriz},
keywords = {Fortification},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
| Korn, Lorenz; Heidenreich, Anja: The Site of Rabʿ-i Rashidi, Tabriz: Goals and Beginnings of the Iranian-German Research Project. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Commemoration of Rashid al-Din Fazl-Allah Hamadani (University of Tabriz, March 2021), pp. 295-314, University of Tabriz Press, 2021. @inbook{nokey,
title = {The Site of Rabʿ-i Rashidi, Tabriz: Goals and Beginnings of the Iranian-German Research Project},
author = {Lorenz Korn and Anja Heidenreich},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Commemoration of Rashid al-Din Fazl-Allah Hamadani (University of Tabriz, March 2021)},
pages = {295-314},
publisher = {University of Tabriz Press},
keywords = {Administration, Architecture, Ilkhanate, Institutions, Mongols},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
| Maziar, Sepideh: Resilienz bei Pandemie; Kurzbericht zum Projekt ‘Resilience in the Diaspora‘. In: ENKI; Archäologie und Kunstgeschichte des Vorderen Orients, iss. 22, pp. 26-28, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {Resilienz bei Pandemie; Kurzbericht zum Projekt ‘Resilience in the Diaspora‘},
author = {Sepideh Maziar},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
journal = {ENKI; Archäologie und Kunstgeschichte des Vorderen Orients},
issue = {22},
pages = {26-28},
keywords = {Resilience},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
 | Soltani, Anise Nejad; Maziar, Sepideh; Mortazavi, Mohammad: Scientific Investigation On a Copper-Based Pin from Köhn Pāsga Tepesi in the Province of Eastern Azerbaijan (Iran). In: Laflı, Ergün (Ed.): Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Bronzes from Anatolia and Neighbouring Regions, pp. 305-309, BAR Publishing, Oxford, 2021. @inbook{nokey,
title = {Scientific Investigation On a Copper-Based Pin from Köhn Pāsga Tepesi in the Province of Eastern Azerbaijan (Iran)},
author = {Anise Nejad Soltani and Sepideh Maziar and Mohammad Mortazavi},
editor = {Ergün Laflı},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354403320_2021_Scientific_investigation_on_a_copper-based_pin_from_Kohne_Pasgah_Tepesi_in_the_province_of_Eastern_Azerbaijan_Iran},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
booktitle = {Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Bronzes from Anatolia and Neighbouring Regions},
pages = {305-309},
publisher = {BAR Publishing},
address = {Oxford},
series = {BAR international series 3038},
abstract = {In this paper a copper-based pin found in Köhné Pāsgāh Tepesi excavations has been investigated. This archaeological site is located between the villages of Máfrüzlü and Shoja'lu, and is part of the administrative district of Káleybár district, in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. It is located on the south bank of the Araxes valley in the Khodääfarin area. The site is one of several sites that will be submerged by the Khodääfarin dam project.The pin has been thoroughly examined in an attempt to find more about the elements used in the alloys' composition and the manufacturing methods of this object. The analytical methods used include ICP, SEM-EDX and metallography. According to the analytical data, an arsenic-copper alloy has been used to make this object with arsenic content about 3%. The metallographic studies showed banded microstructure evident chemical segregation, but also implied cold working used effectively to manufacture the pin.},
keywords = {Archaeometallurgy, Copper, copper base, East Azerbaijan},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
In this paper a copper-based pin found in Köhné Pāsgāh Tepesi excavations has been investigated. This archaeological site is located between the villages of Máfrüzlü and Shoja'lu, and is part of the administrative district of Káleybár district, in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. It is located on the south bank of the Araxes valley in the Khodääfarin area. The site is one of several sites that will be submerged by the Khodääfarin dam project.The pin has been thoroughly examined in an attempt to find more about the elements used in the alloys' composition and the manufacturing methods of this object. The analytical methods used include ICP, SEM-EDX and metallography. According to the analytical data, an arsenic-copper alloy has been used to make this object with arsenic content about 3%. The metallographic studies showed banded microstructure evident chemical segregation, but also implied cold working used effectively to manufacture the pin. |
 | Stöllner, Thomas; Aali, Abolfazl: Long-Term Salt Mining in Chehrābād: Resilient Strategies in Accessing Mineral Resources at the Iranian Highlands. In: Pearls, Politics and Pistachios: Essays in Anthropology and Memories on the Occasion of Susan Pollock’s 65th Birthday, pp. 352-369, Ex Oriente/Propylaeum, Berlin/Heidelberg, 2021. @inbook{nokey,
title = {Long-Term Salt Mining in Chehrābād: Resilient Strategies in Accessing Mineral Resources at the Iranian Highlands},
author = {Thomas Stöllner and Abolfazl Aali},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.11588/propylaeum.837},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
booktitle = {Pearls, Politics and Pistachios: Essays in Anthropology and Memories on the Occasion of Susan Pollock’s 65th Birthday},
pages = {352-369},
publisher = {Ex Oriente/Propylaeum},
address = {Berlin/Heidelberg},
keywords = {Achaemenid, Administration, Bronze Age, Chalcolithic, Institutions, Iron Age, Islamic era, Minerals, Mining, Neolithic, Resilience, Resources, Salt, Sasanian, Zanjan},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
2020
|
 | Stöllner, Thomas; Aali, Abolfazl; Kashani, Natascha Bagherpour (Ed.): Tod im Salz. Eine archäologische Ermittlung in Persien. Nünnerich-Asmus Verlag & Media GmbH, 2020, ISBN: 978-3-96176-141-8. @book{nokey,
title = {Tod im Salz. Eine archäologische Ermittlung in Persien},
editor = {Thomas Stöllner and Abolfazl Aali and Natascha Bagherpour Kashani},
url = {https://bergbaumuseum-shop.de/Tod-im-Salz-Eine-archaeologische-Ermittlung-in-Persien-Begleitbuch-Katalog-und-Graphic-Novel},
isbn = {978-3-96176-141-8},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-16},
urldate = {2020-12-16},
publisher = {Nünnerich-Asmus Verlag & Media GmbH},
abstract = {Since the first discoveries in 1993 bodies or body-parts of eight humans have been discovered at the salt-mine of Douzlākh at Chehrābād. These bodies allow a reconstruction of their lives as workers during the different operation periods. By involving many different scientific fields, it became possible to investigate their palaeo-medical aspects, their diet and their health status as well the causes of their
death and their involvement into different aspects of the mining operation and logistics of the mine. It is possible not only to reconstruct three different catastrophes during the Achaemenid, the early and the late Sasanian times but also to understand the social aspects of the working people. The Achaemenid miners certainly came from abroad but already stayed a while in the region, apart from the young miner no. 4 who seems to have arrived shortly before the catastrophe. This group of migrants possibly were sent within a “bandaka”, an Achaemenid labour duty. The Sassanian miners partly came from a “regional” background but also came shortly before their deaths. Saltman 1 is interesting as he is an older individual who possibly had a special role within the miners. Mining at Douzlakh was predominantly operated in periods of strong centralized political systems when governmental activities could be organized over longer distances.},
keywords = {Achaemenid, Administration, Bronze Age, Chalcolithic, Institutions, Iron Age, Islamic era, Minerals, Mining, Mobility, Neolithic, Salt, Sasanian, Zanjan},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Since the first discoveries in 1993 bodies or body-parts of eight humans have been discovered at the salt-mine of Douzlākh at Chehrābād. These bodies allow a reconstruction of their lives as workers during the different operation periods. By involving many different scientific fields, it became possible to investigate their palaeo-medical aspects, their diet and their health status as well the causes of their
death and their involvement into different aspects of the mining operation and logistics of the mine. It is possible not only to reconstruct three different catastrophes during the Achaemenid, the early and the late Sasanian times but also to understand the social aspects of the working people. The Achaemenid miners certainly came from abroad but already stayed a while in the region, apart from the young miner no. 4 who seems to have arrived shortly before the catastrophe. This group of migrants possibly were sent within a “bandaka”, an Achaemenid labour duty. The Sassanian miners partly came from a “regional” background but also came shortly before their deaths. Saltman 1 is interesting as he is an older individual who possibly had a special role within the miners. Mining at Douzlakh was predominantly operated in periods of strong centralized political systems when governmental activities could be organized over longer distances. |
 | Brown, Michael: The Mountain Fortresses of Rabana-Merquly in Iraqi-Kurdistan. In: BAF-Online: Proceedings of the Berner Altorientalisches Forum, vol. 4, no. 1, 2020. @article{nokey,
title = {The Mountain Fortresses of Rabana-Merquly in Iraqi-Kurdistan},
author = {Michael Brown},
url = {https://bop.unibe.ch/baf/article/view/7202},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.22012/baf.2019.19},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-27},
urldate = {2020-11-27},
journal = {BAF-Online: Proceedings of the Berner Altorientalisches Forum},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
abstract = {The twin fortresses of Rabana-Merquly are situated on the western side of Mt. Piramagrun, one of the most prominent massifs in the Zagros Mountains. A defining feature of these adjoining settlements are their matching, approximately life-size rock-reliefs depicting a ruler in Parthian dress, which flank the entrance to both sites. Behind the perimeter walls several structures have been recorded including a citadel and a sanctuary complex. The combined intramural area is in excess of 40 hectares. Based on the style of relief sculptures, and the material culture of their associated intramural settlements, occupation is dated to the early first millennium A.D. Investigations at Rabana-Merquly are a collaboration between Heidelberg University and the Sulaymaniyah Directorate of Antiquities. This talk gives an overview of the main fieldwork results to date, emphasizing the relationship between the fortified settlements and the wider landscape of the central Zagros highlands.},
keywords = {Fortification, Kurdistan, Landscape, Parthian, Persian empire, Resilience},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The twin fortresses of Rabana-Merquly are situated on the western side of Mt. Piramagrun, one of the most prominent massifs in the Zagros Mountains. A defining feature of these adjoining settlements are their matching, approximately life-size rock-reliefs depicting a ruler in Parthian dress, which flank the entrance to both sites. Behind the perimeter walls several structures have been recorded including a citadel and a sanctuary complex. The combined intramural area is in excess of 40 hectares. Based on the style of relief sculptures, and the material culture of their associated intramural settlements, occupation is dated to the early first millennium A.D. Investigations at Rabana-Merquly are a collaboration between Heidelberg University and the Sulaymaniyah Directorate of Antiquities. This talk gives an overview of the main fieldwork results to date, emphasizing the relationship between the fortified settlements and the wider landscape of the central Zagros highlands. |
 | Stöllner, Thomas: Salzmumien im Iran. In: Archäologie in Deutschland, vol. 5/2020, pp. 14-19, 2020. @article{nokey,
title = {Salzmumien im Iran},
author = {Thomas Stöllner},
url = {https://wbg-zeitschriften.de/produkt/archaeologie-in-deutschland-520-germanen/},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-11},
urldate = {2020-09-11},
journal = {Archäologie in Deutschland},
volume = {5/2020},
pages = {14-19},
abstract = {Salz ist unverzichtbar: als Mittel zur Konservierung in der Vergangenheit in noch weit höherem Maße als heute. Von der Bedeutung des weißen Goldes zeugen in unseren Breiten berühmte Fundorte wie Hallstatt und Hallein. Im Nordwesten Persiens liegen die Bergwerke von Douzlākh. Dort hat das Salz verunglückte Bergmänner konserviert: eine Momentaufnahme vom Todeskampf untertage.},
keywords = {Mining, Salt},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Salz ist unverzichtbar: als Mittel zur Konservierung in der Vergangenheit in noch weit höherem Maße als heute. Von der Bedeutung des weißen Goldes zeugen in unseren Breiten berühmte Fundorte wie Hallstatt und Hallein. Im Nordwesten Persiens liegen die Bergwerke von Douzlākh. Dort hat das Salz verunglückte Bergmänner konserviert: eine Momentaufnahme vom Todeskampf untertage. |
 | Cucchi, Thomas; Papayianni, Katerina; Cersoy, Sophie; Aznar-Cormano, Laetitia; Zazzo, Antoine; Debruyne, Régis; Berthon, Rémi; Bălășescu, Adrian; Simmons, Alan; Valla, François; Hamilakis, Yannis; Mavridis, Fanis; Mashkour, Marjan; Darvish, Jamshid; Siahsarvi, D Roohollah; Biglari, Fereidoun; Petrie, Cameron A.; Weeks, Lloyd; Sardari, Alireza; Maziar, Sepideh; Denys, Christiane; Orton, David; Jenkins, Emma; Zeder, Melinda; Searle, Jeremy B.; Larson, Greger; Bonhomme, François; Auffray, Jean-Christophe; Vigne, Jean-Denis: Tracking the Near Eastern Origins and European Dispersal of the Western House Mouse. In: Scientific Reports, iss. 10, no. 1, pp. 1—12, 2020. @article{nokey,
title = {Tracking the Near Eastern Origins and European Dispersal of the Western House Mouse},
author = {Thomas Cucchi and Katerina Papayianni and Sophie Cersoy and Laetitia Aznar-Cormano and Antoine Zazzo and Régis Debruyne and Rémi Berthon and Adrian Bălășescu and Alan Simmons and François Valla and Yannis Hamilakis and Fanis Mavridis and Marjan Mashkour and Jamshid Darvish and D Roohollah Siahsarvi and Fereidoun Biglari and Cameron A. Petrie and Lloyd Weeks and Alireza Sardari and Sepideh Maziar and Christiane Denys and David Orton and Emma Jenkins and Melinda Zeder and Jeremy B. Searle and Greger Larson and François Bonhomme and Jean-Christophe Auffray and Jean-Denis Vigne},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64939-9},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-19},
urldate = {2020-05-19},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
number = {1},
issue = {10},
pages = {1—12},
abstract = {The house mouse (Mus musculus) represents the extreme of globalization of invasive mammals. However, the timing and basis of its origin and early phases of dispersal remain poorly documented. To track its synanthropisation and subsequent invasive spread during the develoment of complex human societies, we analyzed 829 Mus specimens from 43 archaeological contexts in Southwestern Asia and Southeastern Europe, between 40,000 and 3,000 cal. BP, combining geometric morphometrics numerical taxonomy, ancient mitochondrial DNA and direct radiocarbon dating. We found that large late hunter-gatherer sedentary settlements in the Levant, c. 14,500 cal. BP, promoted the commensal behaviour of the house mouse, which probably led the commensal pathway to cat domestication. House mouse invasive spread was then fostered through the emergence of agriculture throughout the Near East 12,000 years ago. Stowaway transport of house mice to Cyprus can be inferred as early as 10,800 years ago. However, the house mouse invasion of Europe did not happen until the development of proto urbanism and exchange networks — 6,500 years ago in Eastern Europe and 4000 years ago in Southern Europe — which in turn may have driven the first human mediated dispersal of cats in Europe.},
keywords = {Archaeozoology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The house mouse (Mus musculus) represents the extreme of globalization of invasive mammals. However, the timing and basis of its origin and early phases of dispersal remain poorly documented. To track its synanthropisation and subsequent invasive spread during the develoment of complex human societies, we analyzed 829 Mus specimens from 43 archaeological contexts in Southwestern Asia and Southeastern Europe, between 40,000 and 3,000 cal. BP, combining geometric morphometrics numerical taxonomy, ancient mitochondrial DNA and direct radiocarbon dating. We found that large late hunter-gatherer sedentary settlements in the Levant, c. 14,500 cal. BP, promoted the commensal behaviour of the house mouse, which probably led the commensal pathway to cat domestication. House mouse invasive spread was then fostered through the emergence of agriculture throughout the Near East 12,000 years ago. Stowaway transport of house mice to Cyprus can be inferred as early as 10,800 years ago. However, the house mouse invasion of Europe did not happen until the development of proto urbanism and exchange networks — 6,500 years ago in Eastern Europe and 4000 years ago in Southern Europe — which in turn may have driven the first human mediated dispersal of cats in Europe. |
 | Bernbeck, Reinhard; Hessari, Morteza; Pollock, Susan; Rol, Nolwen; Akbari, Hassan; Eger, Jana; Saeedi, Sepideh: Soundings at Three Chalcolithic Sites in the Varamin Plain, 2018. In: Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran und Turan, vol. 49, pp. 49-75, 2020, ISSN: 1434-2758. @article{nokey,
title = {Soundings at Three Chalcolithic Sites in the Varamin Plain, 2018},
author = {Reinhard Bernbeck and Morteza Hessari and Susan Pollock and Nolwen Rol and Hassan Akbari and Jana Eger and Sepideh Saeedi},
url = {https://www.academia.edu/44150885/Soundings_at_Three_Chalcolithic_Sites_in_the_Varamin_Plain_2018},
issn = {1434-2758},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-00-00},
urldate = {2020-00-00},
journal = {Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran und Turan},
volume = {49},
pages = {49-75},
abstract = {The Chalcolithic period (late 5th and 4th mill. BCE) is central to an understanding of the social, economic, and political changes that led to the first states in western Asia as well as the early uses of writing and complex administrative systems in Iran and Mesopotamia at the end of that millennium. In Iran, the late 5th through the first half of the 4th mill. BCE is characterized by several broad, regionally distinct material culture patterns. They range from complex societies of the late Susiana and Uruk traditions in lowland Khuzestan to Lapui and Banesh in the Kur River Basin and surroundings and the Sialk III tradition on the central plateau. These traditions have ofen been treated as monolithic entities, with research geared towards the identification of broad similarities over large geographic areas. This has been done to the detriment of investigations of local specificities. We have no understanding yet as to how Sialk III or Banesh traditions might have found local expressions nor to what extent there existed economic, political, or cultural variability within such traditions.This pattern of regionalization gives way in the latter part of the 4th mill. to the Proto-Elamite phenomenon with its striking similarities in administrative artifacts and to some extent in mundane artifacts such as pottery. Proto-Elamite material culture, usually attributed to the Early Bronze Age, can be found across the central plateau and into the highland valleys of the Zagros as well as in the lowlands of southwestern Iran. Here, too, the pre-dominant research emphasis has rested on the ex-amination of similarities, with studies of regional differences taking the back seat until quite recently. The processes that led to the emergence of this macro-phenomenon are not well understood; further understandings of them will require investigations at both large and small scales. The project we present here aims to examine those long-term developments in the Varamin Plain, with a focus on the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age periods. We argue for the need for locally and regionally based understandings of these long-term trajectories. In this first phase of the project, we have placed our emphasis on the Sialk III period. In this paper we report on a series of brief soundings excavated in the summer of 2018 at the three Sialk III sites of Ahmadabad-e Kuzehgaran, Chaltasian South, and Ajor Pazi. Our goals for this initial work were the following:
–to investigate the depth of cultural deposits at each site as well as the preservation of architecture and other remains;
–to acquire organic samples with which to build a robust radiocarbon-based chronology for the Varamin Plain;
–to systematically recover and document pottery in order to construct a locally based ceramic chronology that can be connected to but does not directly depend on that used for other regions (e.g., the Sialk sequence);
–to systematically collect artifacts as a window into understanding economic practices;
–to collect animal bones, plant remains, and soil samples as a basis for investigating subsistence practices and local environmental conditions. The study of the finds and samples is underway. Here we present summaries of the fieldwork con-ducted and the first preliminary results of our analyses.
},
keywords = {Archaeobotany, Archaeozoology, Chalcolithic, Dating, Economy, Sounding, Tehran},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Chalcolithic period (late 5th and 4th mill. BCE) is central to an understanding of the social, economic, and political changes that led to the first states in western Asia as well as the early uses of writing and complex administrative systems in Iran and Mesopotamia at the end of that millennium. In Iran, the late 5th through the first half of the 4th mill. BCE is characterized by several broad, regionally distinct material culture patterns. They range from complex societies of the late Susiana and Uruk traditions in lowland Khuzestan to Lapui and Banesh in the Kur River Basin and surroundings and the Sialk III tradition on the central plateau. These traditions have ofen been treated as monolithic entities, with research geared towards the identification of broad similarities over large geographic areas. This has been done to the detriment of investigations of local specificities. We have no understanding yet as to how Sialk III or Banesh traditions might have found local expressions nor to what extent there existed economic, political, or cultural variability within such traditions.This pattern of regionalization gives way in the latter part of the 4th mill. to the Proto-Elamite phenomenon with its striking similarities in administrative artifacts and to some extent in mundane artifacts such as pottery. Proto-Elamite material culture, usually attributed to the Early Bronze Age, can be found across the central plateau and into the highland valleys of the Zagros as well as in the lowlands of southwestern Iran. Here, too, the pre-dominant research emphasis has rested on the ex-amination of similarities, with studies of regional differences taking the back seat until quite recently. The processes that led to the emergence of this macro-phenomenon are not well understood; further understandings of them will require investigations at both large and small scales. The project we present here aims to examine those long-term developments in the Varamin Plain, with a focus on the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age periods. We argue for the need for locally and regionally based understandings of these long-term trajectories. In this first phase of the project, we have placed our emphasis on the Sialk III period. In this paper we report on a series of brief soundings excavated in the summer of 2018 at the three Sialk III sites of Ahmadabad-e Kuzehgaran, Chaltasian South, and Ajor Pazi. Our goals for this initial work were the following:
–to investigate the depth of cultural deposits at each site as well as the preservation of architecture and other remains;
–to acquire organic samples with which to build a robust radiocarbon-based chronology for the Varamin Plain;
–to systematically recover and document pottery in order to construct a locally based ceramic chronology that can be connected to but does not directly depend on that used for other regions (e.g., the Sialk sequence);
–to systematically collect artifacts as a window into understanding economic practices;
–to collect animal bones, plant remains, and soil samples as a basis for investigating subsistence practices and local environmental conditions. The study of the finds and samples is underway. Here we present summaries of the fieldwork con-ducted and the first preliminary results of our analyses.
|
 | Brown, Michael; Rasheed, Kamal; Dörr, Roxana; Heiler, Jan: Die Bergbefestigung von Rabana-Merquly in Irakisch-Kurdistan: Ein Vorbericht der Grabungskampagne 2019. In: Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft, iss. 152, pp. 91-110, 2020. @article{nokey,
title = {Die Bergbefestigung von Rabana-Merquly in Irakisch-Kurdistan: Ein Vorbericht der Grabungskampagne 2019},
author = {Michael Brown and Kamal Rasheed and Roxana Dörr and Jan Heiler},
url = {https://www.orient-gesellschaft.de/repositorium/MDOG/MDOG_152_Brown_et_al.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-00-00},
urldate = {2020-00-00},
journal = {Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft},
issue = {152},
pages = {91-110},
abstract = {On the slopes of Mt. Piramagrun in the Zagros Mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan lies the fortified site of Rabana-Merquly. Ruins spread across c. 100 ha represent a major occupation during the Parthian period. Matching rock-reliefs that depict an anonymous ruler flank the two main entrances to the settlements. Pronounced similarities in attire between these sculptures and the statue of a king of Adiabene found at Hatra suggest a possible identification for both the individual depicted in relief (Natounissar) and the ancient city (Natounia-on-the-Kapros). Fieldwork in 2019 continued our ongoing programme of survey and excavation, with more detailed investigation of the complex at the entrance to Rabana valley.},
keywords = {Fortification, Kurdistan, Landscape, Parthian, Resilience},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
On the slopes of Mt. Piramagrun in the Zagros Mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan lies the fortified site of Rabana-Merquly. Ruins spread across c. 100 ha represent a major occupation during the Parthian period. Matching rock-reliefs that depict an anonymous ruler flank the two main entrances to the settlements. Pronounced similarities in attire between these sculptures and the statue of a king of Adiabene found at Hatra suggest a possible identification for both the individual depicted in relief (Natounissar) and the ancient city (Natounia-on-the-Kapros). Fieldwork in 2019 continued our ongoing programme of survey and excavation, with more detailed investigation of the complex at the entrance to Rabana valley. |
 | Garrison, Mark B.; Henkelman, Wouter F. M.: Sigillophobe suppliers and Idiosyncratic Scribes: Local Information Handling in Achaemenid Pārsa. In: The art of empire in Achaemenid Persia: Studies in honour of Margaret Cool Root, pp. 167–286, Leiden, 2020. @inbook{nokey,
title = {Sigillophobe suppliers and Idiosyncratic Scribes: Local Information Handling in Achaemenid Pārsa},
author = {Mark B. Garrison and Wouter F.M. Henkelman},
url = {https://www.academia.edu/52486828/Sigillophobe_suppliers_and_idiosyncratic_scribes_Local_information_handling_in_Achaemenid_P%C4%81rsa},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-00-00},
urldate = {2020-00-00},
booktitle = {The art of empire in Achaemenid Persia: Studies in honour of Margaret Cool Root},
pages = {167–286},
address = {Leiden},
series = {Achaemenid History 16},
abstract = {Greek sources, starting with Herodotus, marvelled about the Persian royal roads and the speed of travel and communication they permitted within the vast Achaemenid expanse. Much has been written about this vital network, the spine of empire: about the degree of connectivity it afforded, about the courses of the roads, the people who travelled on it, and the advantages that Alexander and his armies drew from it. The same Greek sources were much less interested in the logistic operation behind the network, with the notable exception of a passage in Pseudo-Aristotle’s Oeconomica, where Antimenes, a high administrator and Alexander appointee, is said to have bidden “the satraps replenish, in accordance with the law of the country, the storehouses/granaries (θησαυροὺς) along the royal roads.” Though offering little detail, this statement opens a view on the efforts necessary to maintain the way stations with sufficient supplies in flour, wine (or beer), fodder and, in the case of halting places for express messengers, fresh horses.},
keywords = {Achaemenid, Administration, Institutions, Mobility, Structure development, Textual sources},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Greek sources, starting with Herodotus, marvelled about the Persian royal roads and the speed of travel and communication they permitted within the vast Achaemenid expanse. Much has been written about this vital network, the spine of empire: about the degree of connectivity it afforded, about the courses of the roads, the people who travelled on it, and the advantages that Alexander and his armies drew from it. The same Greek sources were much less interested in the logistic operation behind the network, with the notable exception of a passage in Pseudo-Aristotle’s Oeconomica, where Antimenes, a high administrator and Alexander appointee, is said to have bidden “the satraps replenish, in accordance with the law of the country, the storehouses/granaries (θησαυροὺς) along the royal roads.” Though offering little detail, this statement opens a view on the efforts necessary to maintain the way stations with sufficient supplies in flour, wine (or beer), fodder and, in the case of halting places for express messengers, fresh horses. |
 | Maziar, Sepideh; Zalaghi, Ali: Exploring Beyond the River and Inside the Valleys: Settlement Development and Cultural Landscape of the Araxes River Basin Through Time. In: Iran, iss. 59, pp. 36–56, 2020. @article{nokey,
title = {Exploring Beyond the River and Inside the Valleys: Settlement Development and Cultural Landscape of the Araxes River Basin Through Time},
author = {Sepideh Maziar and Ali Zalaghi},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/05786967.2019.1708207},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/05786967.2019.1708207},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-00-00},
urldate = {2020-00-00},
journal = {Iran},
issue = {59},
pages = {36–56},
abstract = {Geographical landmarks, especially rivers, have always played an important role in forming or hampering interplay between societies. In some cases, they act as a “communication route” and in some others as “obstacles”. In north-western Iran, it is possible that the Araxes River played such a decisive role by sculpting its surroundings. While our studies are not yet sufficiently adequate to understand the exact role of this river in different time spans, we can begin in some way to conceptualise its role in different periods. The Araxes Valley Archaeological Project (AVAP) was developed with the general aim of investigating settlement development from the fifth to the third millennium BC. Furthermore, studying the possible and probable routes of interaction, both inter- and intra-regional, between the Jolfa and Khoda Afarin plains and the southern Caucasus and north-western Iran, networks of contacts and exchange, and gaining a better understanding of the geographical characteristics of this area and its landscape were among our aims. In this article, the general history of occupation along this river is given to provide a preliminary database to understand the geographical and socio-political potential of this part in order to pursue more comprehensive studies in the future.},
keywords = {Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bronze Age, Caucasus, Chalcolithic, Georgia, Iron Age, Kura-Araxes, Landscape, Mobility, Neolithic, Settlement and subsistance systems, Settlement mobility, Settlement structure, Structure development},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Geographical landmarks, especially rivers, have always played an important role in forming or hampering interplay between societies. In some cases, they act as a “communication route” and in some others as “obstacles”. In north-western Iran, it is possible that the Araxes River played such a decisive role by sculpting its surroundings. While our studies are not yet sufficiently adequate to understand the exact role of this river in different time spans, we can begin in some way to conceptualise its role in different periods. The Araxes Valley Archaeological Project (AVAP) was developed with the general aim of investigating settlement development from the fifth to the third millennium BC. Furthermore, studying the possible and probable routes of interaction, both inter- and intra-regional, between the Jolfa and Khoda Afarin plains and the southern Caucasus and north-western Iran, networks of contacts and exchange, and gaining a better understanding of the geographical characteristics of this area and its landscape were among our aims. In this article, the general history of occupation along this river is given to provide a preliminary database to understand the geographical and socio-political potential of this part in order to pursue more comprehensive studies in the future. |
 | Henkelman, Wouter F. M.: Nakthor in Persepolis. In: Bullae and seals (Aršāma and his world: The Bodleian letters in context 2), pp. 193-223, Oxford, 2020. @inbook{NakthorinPersepolis,
title = {Nakthor in Persepolis},
author = {Wouter F.M. Henkelman},
url = {https://www.academia.edu/67513563/Nakht%E1%B8%A5or_in_Persepolis},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-00-00},
urldate = {2020-00-00},
booktitle = {Bullae and seals (Aršāma and his world: The Bodleian letters in context 2)},
issue = {II},
pages = {193-223},
address = {Oxford},
keywords = {Achaemenid, Fars, Seals},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
2019
|
 | Aali, Abolfazl; Stöllner, Thomas; Firuzmandi, Bahman: Analyzing Archaeological Finds from the Chehrabad Salt Mine. In: Journal of Archaeological Studies, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 191-210, 2019. @article{nokey,
title = {Analyzing Archaeological Finds from the Chehrabad Salt Mine},
author = {Abolfazl Aali and Thomas Stöllner and Bahman Firuzmandi},
url = {https://jarcs.ut.ac.ir/article_73118.html?lang=en},
doi = {10.22059/JARCS.2019.73118},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-00-00},
urldate = {2019-00-00},
journal = {Journal of Archaeological Studies},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
pages = {191-210},
abstract = {The Chehrabad salt mine is one of the rare ancient salt mine in the world and the only identified salt mine in Iran which has evidences of salt extracting over a long time span from 500 BC to modern times. According to the field researches conducted so far, in the excavated area, mining activities are proven to be in use in the Achaemenid, Sasanian, Middle and Late Islamic periods. After the accidental discoveries in 1993 and 2004, several season of excavation and archaeological surveys, have been carried out in the mine and around it. Archaeological researches brought to light interesting results concerning the techniques, periods and extracting tools, also relation between salt mine and the archaeological sites around it. Digging deep tunnels inside the salt rock deposits in different dimensions and sizes and using the various extraction tools can be seen in the excavated area with the difference in details in all the aforementioned periods. The long- term salt extraction activities and multi- periodic collapse of the tunnels, have resulted the formation of various layers such as fall, occupation, mining and erosion layers in different parts of the mine and the filling many of its old tunnels. According to documents, Most of the discovered human remains were probably non- native miners who died during catastrophic mining accidents and mummified naturally.},
keywords = {Achaemenid, Mining, Resilience, Resources, Sasanian, Zanjan},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Chehrabad salt mine is one of the rare ancient salt mine in the world and the only identified salt mine in Iran which has evidences of salt extracting over a long time span from 500 BC to modern times. According to the field researches conducted so far, in the excavated area, mining activities are proven to be in use in the Achaemenid, Sasanian, Middle and Late Islamic periods. After the accidental discoveries in 1993 and 2004, several season of excavation and archaeological surveys, have been carried out in the mine and around it. Archaeological researches brought to light interesting results concerning the techniques, periods and extracting tools, also relation between salt mine and the archaeological sites around it. Digging deep tunnels inside the salt rock deposits in different dimensions and sizes and using the various extraction tools can be seen in the excavated area with the difference in details in all the aforementioned periods. The long- term salt extraction activities and multi- periodic collapse of the tunnels, have resulted the formation of various layers such as fall, occupation, mining and erosion layers in different parts of the mine and the filling many of its old tunnels. According to documents, Most of the discovered human remains were probably non- native miners who died during catastrophic mining accidents and mummified naturally. |
 | Nasab, Hamed Vahdati; Aali, Abolfazl; Kazzazi, Mandan; Pollard, Mark; Stöllner, Thomas: Reappraisal of the number of salt mummies identified in Chehrābād Salt Mine, Zanjan, Iran. In: Bioarchaeology of the Near East, vol. 13, pp. 23-47, 2019. @article{nokey,
title = {Reappraisal of the number of salt mummies identified in Chehrābād Salt Mine, Zanjan, Iran},
author = {Hamed Vahdati Nasab and Abolfazl Aali and Mandan Kazzazi and Mark Pollard and Thomas Stöllner
},
url = {http://www.anthropology.uw.edu.pl/13/bne-13-03.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-00-00},
urldate = {2019-00-00},
journal = {Bioarchaeology of the Near East},
volume = {13},
pages = {23-47},
abstract = {The Chehrābād Salt Mine mummies were first discovered in 1993. So far, six individuals have been identified in the mine. Three (1, 2, and 3) were found accidentally by miners, while another three (4, 5, and 6) were discovered through systematic archaeological excavations. This article shows that there are two more individuals represented in the collection, bringing the total number of mummies to eight. Osteological examination confirms that the extra bones initially placed with Salt Man 1 belong to another individual, possibly a young adult male, of unknown date, called Salt Man 7. In addition, results
from AMS dating of an extra piece of mandible, which was originally placed with the skeletal remains of Salt Man 3, indicates that this specimen does not belong to this individual; it was removed from the collection and renamed as Salt Man 8. The osteological analysis of the bone remains of Salt Man 8 suggests that this individual might also be a young male.},
keywords = {Achaemenid, Mining, Resilience, Resources, Sasanian, Zanjan},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Chehrābād Salt Mine mummies were first discovered in 1993. So far, six individuals have been identified in the mine. Three (1, 2, and 3) were found accidentally by miners, while another three (4, 5, and 6) were discovered through systematic archaeological excavations. This article shows that there are two more individuals represented in the collection, bringing the total number of mummies to eight. Osteological examination confirms that the extra bones initially placed with Salt Man 1 belong to another individual, possibly a young adult male, of unknown date, called Salt Man 7. In addition, results
from AMS dating of an extra piece of mandible, which was originally placed with the skeletal remains of Salt Man 3, indicates that this specimen does not belong to this individual; it was removed from the collection and renamed as Salt Man 8. The osteological analysis of the bone remains of Salt Man 8 suggests that this individual might also be a young male. |
 | Hessari, Morteza; Bernbeck, Reinhard; Pollock, Susan: Gamaneh-zani va nemuneh-bardari az mahutehha-ye bastani beh manzur-e shenakht-e tawali-ye sokunat (hezar-e chaharrom va sevom pish az milad) va baz-sazi-ye ab-o hava’i-ye bastani-ye dasht-e Varamin. In: Gozaresh-haye hafdahomin gerd-hama’i-ye salane-ye bastan shenassi-ye Iran, pp. 318–322, Cultural Heritage and Tourism Institute, 2019. @inbook{nokey,
title = {Gamaneh-zani va nemuneh-bardari az mahutehha-ye bastani beh manzur-e shenakht-e tawali-ye sokunat (hezar-e chaharrom va sevom pish az milad) va baz-sazi-ye ab-o hava’i-ye bastani-ye dasht-e Varamin},
author = {Morteza Hessari and Reinhard Bernbeck and Susan Pollock},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-00-00},
urldate = {2019-00-00},
booktitle = {Gozaresh-haye hafdahomin gerd-hama’i-ye salane-ye bastan shenassi-ye Iran},
pages = {318–322},
publisher = {Cultural Heritage and Tourism Institute},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
2015
|
 | Aali, Abolfazl; Stöllner, Thomas (Ed.): The Archaeology of the Salt Miners. Interdisciplinary Research 2010-2014.. 2015, ISSN: 0947-6229. @book{nokey,
title = {The Archaeology of the Salt Miners. Interdisciplinary Research 2010-2014.},
editor = {Abolfazl Aali and Thomas Stöllner},
url = {https://bergbaumuseum-shop.de/THE-ARCHAEOLOGY-OF-THE-SALT-MINERS},
issn = {0947-6229},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-00-00},
urldate = {2015-00-00},
volume = {21},
number = {1-2},
series = {Metalla},
keywords = {Achaemenid, Mining, Resilience, Resources, Sasanian, Zanjan},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
|
2012
|
| Abolfazl, Aali; Stöllner, Thomas; Abar, Aydin; Rüli, Frank: The Salt Men of Iran: The salt mine of Douzlakh, Chehrabad. In: Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt , iss. 42, no. 1, pp. 61-81, 2012. @article{nokey,
title = {The Salt Men of Iran: The salt mine of Douzlakh, Chehrabad},
author = {Aali Abolfazl and Thomas Stöllner and Aydin Abar and Frank Rüli
},
url = {https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/ak/article/view/90630/85233
},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.11588/ak.2012.1.90630},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
urldate = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt },
number = {1},
issue = {42},
pages = {61-81},
publisher = {Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums},
abstract = {During 2004, 2005, and 2010 scientific excavations took place at the salt mine of Chehrābād. According to the work conducted and further scientific investigations, the beginning of salt exploitation dates to the mid-first millennium BC. Some indications possibly hint to mining activities during the Late Arsacid period. Salt extraction certainly was taken up again during the Sassanian period and might have continued up to the Early Islamic period. The extraction was carried out as a chamber-pillar mining; no wooden props have been found so far, although the mummified bodies of mine workers and the context bear ample witness of instabilities and mining catastrophes. The first two campaigns were conducted by the Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization/Miras Farhangi under the auspices of Abolfazl Aali. The excavation in 2010 laid the basis for the establishment of a multinational group of scientists, comprising research facilities in Iran, Germany, Great Britain, France, and Switzerland.
},
keywords = {Mining, Salt},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
During 2004, 2005, and 2010 scientific excavations took place at the salt mine of Chehrābād. According to the work conducted and further scientific investigations, the beginning of salt exploitation dates to the mid-first millennium BC. Some indications possibly hint to mining activities during the Late Arsacid period. Salt extraction certainly was taken up again during the Sassanian period and might have continued up to the Early Islamic period. The extraction was carried out as a chamber-pillar mining; no wooden props have been found so far, although the mummified bodies of mine workers and the context bear ample witness of instabilities and mining catastrophes. The first two campaigns were conducted by the Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization/Miras Farhangi under the auspices of Abolfazl Aali. The excavation in 2010 laid the basis for the establishment of a multinational group of scientists, comprising research facilities in Iran, Germany, Great Britain, France, and Switzerland.
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2008
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| Begemann, Friedrich; Haerinck, Ernie; Overlaet, B.; Schmitt-Strecker, Sigrid; Tallon, François: An Archaeo-Metallurgical Study of the Early and Middle Bronze Age in Luristan, Iran. In: Iranica Antiqua, vol. 43, pp. 1-34, 2008. @article{nokey,
title = {An Archaeo-Metallurgical Study of the Early and Middle Bronze Age in Luristan, Iran},
author = {Friedrich Begemann and Ernie Haerinck and B. Overlaet and Sigrid Schmitt-Strecker and François Tallon
},
doi = {10.2143/IA.43.0.2024041},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
urldate = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Iranica Antiqua},
volume = {43},
pages = {1-34},
publisher = {Peeters},
abstract = {Copper-base artefacts from Bronze Age Luristan have been analysed for their chemical composition and the isotopic composition of their lead. We find no significant systematic differences between a group of objects recovered in the Pusht-i Kuh region in the course of controlled excavations during the Belgian Archaeological Mission in Iran (BAMI) and a second group of artefacts from the Louvre Museum which were acquired on the art market. According to these material features the objects from the art market are made of genuine "Luristan" metal which does not exclude the possibility that the artefacts are recent forgeries made of "old" metal. The data suggest a large fraction of the artefacts, copper and bronze, to derive from copper ores as they are available in the eastern part of the central Zagros Mountains from where also tin ores have been reported. Bronzes with high 206Pb-normalized abundance ratios, conspicuous in contemporary Mesopotamia, are missing in Luristan. We have no satisfactory explanation to offer why the manifold cultural and material connections between Mesopotamia and Luristan should have excluded the trade in bronzes with such exceptional lead isotopy.
},
keywords = {Archaeometallurgy, Bronze, Bronze Age, Copper, copper base},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Copper-base artefacts from Bronze Age Luristan have been analysed for their chemical composition and the isotopic composition of their lead. We find no significant systematic differences between a group of objects recovered in the Pusht-i Kuh region in the course of controlled excavations during the Belgian Archaeological Mission in Iran (BAMI) and a second group of artefacts from the Louvre Museum which were acquired on the art market. According to these material features the objects from the art market are made of genuine "Luristan" metal which does not exclude the possibility that the artefacts are recent forgeries made of "old" metal. The data suggest a large fraction of the artefacts, copper and bronze, to derive from copper ores as they are available in the eastern part of the central Zagros Mountains from where also tin ores have been reported. Bronzes with high 206Pb-normalized abundance ratios, conspicuous in contemporary Mesopotamia, are missing in Luristan. We have no satisfactory explanation to offer why the manifold cultural and material connections between Mesopotamia and Luristan should have excluded the trade in bronzes with such exceptional lead isotopy.
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