Publications on Iran

@article{nokey,

title = {Special Issue: Paleolithic of Iran 1},

author = {Saman Heydari-Guran and Elham Ghasidian},

editor = {Saman Heydari-Guran and Elham Ghasidian},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-00-00},

urldate = {2021-00-00},

journal = {Archaeological Report Monographs Series},

number = {7},

issue = {2},

keywords = {Palaeolithic},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Resilienz bei Pandemie; Kurzbericht zum Projekt ‘Resilience in the Diaspora‘},

author = {Sepideh Maziar},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-00-00},

urldate = {2021-00-00},

journal = {ENKI; Archäologie und Kunstgeschichte des Vorderen Orients},

issue = {22},

pages = {26-28},

keywords = {Resilience},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The Saltmen of Iran – Preserving Cultural Heritage and Securing Livelihoods in Times of Social Transformation and Volatile Political Climate},

author = {Natascha Bagherpour Kashani and Shahrzad Amin Shirazi and Maruchi Yoshida},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363627491_THE_SALTMEN_OF_IRAN_Preserving_cultural_heritage_and_securing_livelihoods_in_times_of_social_transformation_and_volatile_political_climate},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-00-00},

journal = {Papers in Conservation },

volume = {38},

pages = {41-58},

publisher = {Publications of the International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (IIC)},

abstract = {After an initial chance find in 1993, research excavations in the ancient salt mine of Chehrābād (Zanjan Province, Iran) unearthed several salt mummies and organic finds of textile and leather, as well as tools and ceramic vessels. The finds predominantly date to the Achaemenid (550–330 BCE) and Sassanid periods (224–642 CE). The organic substances preserved by the salt contain valuable information that contributes to the understanding of the living environment of these periods and to the reconstruction of social structures of past societies. The salt mine in Chehrābād and the finds displayed in the museum of the provincial capital Zanjan are an important cultural heritage whose preservation is understood as a joint task of the local population, the province and the central cultural authority. The Iranian-German projects dealing with the salt mummies of Iran are concerned, on the one hand, with developing sustainable conservation concepts for the salt mine and the collection in the museum that are adapted to local conditions. On the other hand, incentives are created for the local population to participate in the preservation of the cultural heritage.},

keywords = {Salt},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Die Salzmänner von Iran. Kulturerhalt als Treiber und Ermöglicher einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung},

author = {Natascha Bagherpour Kashani and Maruchi Yoshida and Thomas Stöllner},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363628987_Die_Salzmanner_von_Iran_Kulturerhalt_als_Treiber_und_Ermoglicher_einer_nachhaltigen_Entwicklung},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-00-00},

journal = {Museumskunde, Fachzeitschrift für die Museumswelt},

volume = {1},

pages = {34-42},

publisher = {Deutscher Museumsbund},

abstract = {Museumsarbeit und Kulturerbeerhalt können zur Erreichung der in der Agenda 2030 festgeschriebenen Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung beitragen. Die Herausforderung, Museen ökologisch und sozial zu gestalten oder Museen als kulturelle und nachhaltige Bildungsorte zu etablieren, ist in Ländern, wie in unserem Beispiel Iran, umso größer, je mehr eine Gesellschaft unter sozialen Spannungen und wirtschaftlichen Sanktionen zu leiden hat. Mit den laufenden Projekten verfolgt das Autor*innen-Team das Ziel, die Partnermuseen und deren Trägerbehörden in Iran dabei zu unterstützen, einen wirksamen Beitrag zur menschlichen und sozioökonomischen Entwicklung, zu hochwertiger Bildung und sozialer Inklusion, zur ökologischen Nachhaltigkeit und zu friedlichen Gesellschaften zu leisten.

},

keywords = {Salt},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The Mountain Fortresses of Rabana-Merquly in Iraqi-Kurdistan},

author = {Michael Brown},

url = {https://bop.unibe.ch/baf/article/view/7202},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.22012/baf.2019.19},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-27},

urldate = {2020-11-27},

journal = {BAF-Online: Proceedings of the Berner Altorientalisches Forum},

volume = {4},

number = {1},

abstract = {The twin fortresses of Rabana-Merquly are situated on the western side of Mt. Piramagrun, one of the most prominent massifs in the Zagros Mountains. A defining feature of these adjoining settlements are their matching, approximately life-size rock-reliefs depicting a ruler in Parthian dress, which flank the entrance to both sites. Behind the perimeter walls several structures have been recorded including a citadel and a sanctuary complex. The combined intramural area is in excess of 40 hectares. Based on the style of relief sculptures, and the material culture of their associated intramural settlements, occupation is dated to the early first millennium A.D. Investigations at Rabana-Merquly are a collaboration between Heidelberg University and the Sulaymaniyah Directorate of Antiquities. This talk gives an overview of the main fieldwork results to date, emphasizing the relationship between the fortified settlements and the wider landscape of the central Zagros highlands.},

keywords = {Fortification, Kurdistan, Landscape, Parthian, Persian empire, Resilience},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Salzmumien im Iran},

author = {Thomas Stöllner},

url = {https://wbg-zeitschriften.de/produkt/archaeologie-in-deutschland-520-germanen/},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-09-11},

urldate = {2020-09-11},

journal = {Archäologie in Deutschland},

volume = {5/2020},

pages = {14-19},

abstract = {Salz ist unverzichtbar: als Mittel zur  Konservierung in der Vergangenheit in noch weit höherem Maße als heute. Von der Bedeutung des weißen Goldes zeugen in unseren Breiten berühmte Fundorte wie Hallstatt und Hallein. Im Nordwesten Persiens liegen die Bergwerke von Douzlākh. Dort hat das Salz verunglückte Bergmänner konserviert: eine Momentaufnahme vom Todeskampf untertage.},

keywords = {Mining, Salt},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Tracking the Near Eastern Origins and European Dispersal of the Western House Mouse},

author = {Thomas Cucchi and Katerina Papayianni and Sophie Cersoy and Laetitia Aznar-Cormano and Antoine Zazzo and Régis Debruyne and Rémi Berthon and Adrian Bălășescu and Alan Simmons and François Valla and Yannis Hamilakis and Fanis Mavridis and Marjan Mashkour and Jamshid Darvish and D Roohollah Siahsarvi and Fereidoun Biglari and Cameron A. Petrie and Lloyd Weeks and Alireza Sardari and Sepideh Maziar and Christiane Denys and David Orton and Emma Jenkins and Melinda Zeder and Jeremy B. Searle and Greger Larson and François Bonhomme and Jean-Christophe Auffray and Jean-Denis Vigne},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64939-9},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-05-19},

urldate = {2020-05-19},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

number = {1},

issue = {10},

pages = {1—12},

abstract = {The house mouse (Mus musculus) represents the extreme of globalization of invasive mammals. However, the timing and basis of its origin and early phases of dispersal remain poorly documented. To track its synanthropisation and subsequent invasive spread during the develoment of complex human societies, we analyzed 829 Mus specimens from 43 archaeological contexts in Southwestern Asia and Southeastern Europe, between 40,000 and 3,000 cal. BP, combining geometric morphometrics numerical taxonomy, ancient mitochondrial DNA and direct radiocarbon dating. We found that large late hunter-gatherer sedentary settlements in the Levant, c. 14,500 cal. BP, promoted the commensal behaviour of the house mouse, which probably led the commensal pathway to cat domestication. House mouse invasive spread was then fostered through the emergence of agriculture throughout the Near East 12,000 years ago. Stowaway transport of house mice to Cyprus can be inferred as early as 10,800 years ago. However, the house mouse invasion of Europe did not happen until the development of proto urbanism and exchange networks — 6,500 years ago in Eastern Europe and 4000 years ago in Southern Europe — which in turn may have driven the first human mediated dispersal of cats in Europe.},

keywords = {Archaeozoology},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Soundings at Three Chalcolithic Sites in the Varamin Plain, 2018},

author = {Reinhard Bernbeck and Morteza Hessari and Susan Pollock and Nolwen Rol and Hassan Akbari and Jana Eger and Sepideh Saeedi},

url = {https://www.academia.edu/44150885/Soundings_at_Three_Chalcolithic_Sites_in_the_Varamin_Plain_2018},

issn = {1434-2758},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran und Turan},

volume = {49},

pages = {49-75},

abstract = {The Chalcolithic period (late 5th and 4th mill. BCE) is central to an understanding of the social, economic, and political changes that led to the first states in western Asia as well as the early uses of writing and complex administrative systems in Iran and Mesopotamia at the end of that millennium. In Iran, the late 5th through the first half of the 4th mill. BCE is characterized by several broad, regionally distinct material culture patterns. They range from complex societies of the late Susiana and Uruk traditions in lowland Khuzestan to Lapui and Banesh in the Kur River Basin and surroundings and the Sialk III tradition on the central plateau. These traditions have ofen been treated as monolithic entities, with research geared towards the identification of broad similarities over large geographic areas. This has been done to the detriment of investigations of local specificities. We have no understanding yet as to how Sialk III or Banesh traditions might have found local expressions nor to what extent there existed economic, political, or cultural variability within such traditions.This pattern of regionalization gives way in the latter part of the 4th mill. to the Proto-Elamite phenomenon with its striking similarities in administrative artifacts and to some extent in mundane artifacts such as pottery. Proto-Elamite material culture, usually attributed to the Early Bronze Age, can be found across the central plateau and into the highland valleys of the Zagros as well as in the lowlands of southwestern Iran. Here, too, the pre-dominant research emphasis has rested on the ex-amination of similarities, with studies of regional differences taking the back seat until quite recently. The processes that led to the emergence of this macro-phenomenon are not well understood; further understandings of them will require investigations at both large and small scales. The project we present here aims to examine those long-term developments in the Varamin Plain, with a focus on the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age periods. We argue for the need for locally and regionally based understandings of these long-term trajectories. In this first phase of the project, we have placed our emphasis on the Sialk III period. In this paper we report on a series of brief soundings excavated in the summer of 2018 at the three Sialk III sites of Ahmadabad-e Kuzehgaran, Chaltasian South, and Ajor Pazi. Our goals for this initial work were the following: 

–to investigate the depth of cultural deposits at each site as well as the preservation of architecture and other remains; 

–to acquire organic samples with which to build a robust radiocarbon-based chronology for the Varamin Plain; 

–to systematically recover and document pottery in order to construct a locally based ceramic chronology that can be connected to but does not directly depend on that used for other regions (e.g., the Sialk sequence); 

–to systematically collect artifacts as a window into understanding economic practices; 

–to collect animal bones, plant remains, and soil samples as a basis for investigating subsistence practices and local environmental conditions. The study of the finds and samples is underway. Here we present summaries of the fieldwork con-ducted and the first preliminary results of our analyses. 

},

keywords = {Archaeobotany, Archaeozoology, Chalcolithic, Dating, Economy, Sounding, Tehran},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Die Bergbefestigung von Rabana-Merquly in Irakisch-Kurdistan: Ein Vorbericht der Grabungskampagne 2019},

author = {Michael Brown and Kamal Rasheed and Roxana Dörr and Jan Heiler},

url = {https://www.orient-gesellschaft.de/repositorium/MDOG/MDOG_152_Brown_et_al.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft},

issue = {152},

pages = {91-110},

abstract = {On the slopes of Mt. Piramagrun in the Zagros Mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan lies the fortified site of Rabana-Merquly. Ruins spread across c. 100 ha represent a major occupation during the Parthian period. Matching rock-reliefs that depict an anonymous ruler flank the two main entrances to the settlements. Pronounced similarities in attire between these sculptures and the statue of a king of Adiabene found at Hatra suggest a possible identification for both the individual depicted in relief (Natounissar) and the ancient city (Natounia-on-the-Kapros). Fieldwork in 2019 continued our ongoing programme of survey and excavation, with more detailed investigation of the complex at the entrance to Rabana valley.},

keywords = {Fortification, Kurdistan, Landscape, Parthian, Resilience},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Exploring Beyond the River and Inside the Valleys: Settlement Development and Cultural Landscape of the Araxes River Basin Through Time},

author = {Sepideh Maziar and Ali Zalaghi},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/05786967.2019.1708207},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/05786967.2019.1708207},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {Iran},

issue = {59},

pages = {36–56},

abstract = {Geographical landmarks, especially rivers, have always played an important role in forming or hampering interplay between societies. In some cases, they act as a “communication route” and in some others as “obstacles”. In north-western Iran, it is possible that the Araxes River played such a decisive role by sculpting its surroundings. While our studies are not yet sufficiently adequate to understand the exact role of this river in different time spans, we can begin in some way to conceptualise its role in different periods. The Araxes Valley Archaeological Project (AVAP) was developed with the general aim of investigating settlement development from the fifth to the third millennium BC. Furthermore, studying the possible and probable routes of interaction, both inter- and intra-regional, between the Jolfa and Khoda Afarin plains and the southern Caucasus and north-western Iran, networks of contacts and exchange, and gaining a better understanding of the geographical characteristics of this area and its landscape were among our aims. In this article, the general history of occupation along this river is given to provide a preliminary database to understand the geographical and socio-political potential of this part in order to pursue more comprehensive studies in the future.},

keywords = {Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bronze Age, Caucasus, Chalcolithic, Georgia, Iron Age, Kura-Araxes, Landscape, Mobility, Neolithic, Settlement and subsistance systems, Settlement mobility, Settlement structure, Structure development},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Kani Koter, Iron Age Cemetery from Iranian Kurdistan},

author = {Sheler Amelirad and Eghbal Azizi},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/05786967.2019.1633240},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-07-01},

journal = {Iran},

volume = {59},

issue = {1},

pages = {57-76},

abstract = {Kani Koter cemetery is located in Iranian Kurdistan, close to Dere Pemeyan (or Persian Dare Panbedan) village, between the ancient sites of Ziwiye and Karafto Cave (Figure 1). In this article, we discuss the material discovered from one of the graves in this cemetery, its chronology, and cultural associations. Unfortunately, tomb robbers plundered this grave, completely ruining the tomb's stratigraphic context. Fortunately, in 2016 the Cultural Heritage Organization of Kurdistan rescued all of the stolen artefacts, and today the collection is stored at the Sanandaj Museum. The grave has yielded a number of elaborately decorated objects that belong nominally to Assyrian, Urartian and Mannaean artistic traditions, with the date for the finds being established by means of comparisons with Assyrian and Urartian artefacts.},

keywords = {Chronology, Iron Age, Kurdistan, Material Analysis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Analyzing Archaeological Finds from the Chehrabad Salt Mine},

author = {Abolfazl Aali and Thomas Stöllner and Bahman Firuzmandi},

url = {https://jarcs.ut.ac.ir/article_73118.html?lang=en},

doi = {10.22059/JARCS.2019.73118},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {Journal of Archaeological Studies},

volume = {11},

number = {2},

pages = {191-210},

abstract = {The Chehrabad salt mine is one of the rare ancient salt mine in the world and the only identified salt mine in Iran which has evidences of salt extracting over a long time span from 500 BC to modern times. According to the field researches conducted so far, in the excavated area, mining activities are proven to be in use in the Achaemenid, Sasanian, Middle and Late Islamic periods. After the accidental discoveries in 1993 and 2004, several season of excavation and archaeological surveys, have been carried out in the mine and around it. Archaeological researches brought to light interesting results concerning the techniques, periods and extracting tools, also relation between salt mine and the archaeological sites around it. Digging deep tunnels inside the salt rock deposits in different dimensions and sizes and using the various extraction tools can be seen in the excavated area with the difference in details in all the aforementioned periods. The long- term salt extraction activities and multi- periodic collapse of the tunnels, have resulted the formation of various layers such as fall, occupation, mining and erosion layers in different parts of the mine and the filling many of its old tunnels. According to documents, Most of the discovered human remains were probably non- native miners who died during catastrophic mining accidents and mummified naturally.},

keywords = {Achaemenid, Mining, Resilience, Resources, Sasanian, Zanjan},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Reappraisal of the number of salt mummies identified in Chehrābād Salt Mine, Zanjan, Iran},

author = {Hamed Vahdati Nasab and Abolfazl Aali and Mandan Kazzazi and Mark Pollard and Thomas Stöllner

},

url = {http://www.anthropology.uw.edu.pl/13/bne-13-03.pdf},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {Bioarchaeology of the Near East},

volume = {13},

pages = {23-47},

abstract = {The Chehrābād Salt Mine mummies were first discovered in 1993. So far, six individuals have been identified in the mine. Three (1, 2, and 3) were found accidentally by miners, while another three (4, 5, and 6) were discovered through systematic archaeological excavations. This article shows that there are two more individuals represented in the collection, bringing the total number of mummies to eight. Osteological examination confirms that the extra bones initially placed with Salt Man 1 belong to another individual, possibly a young adult male, of unknown date, called Salt Man 7. In addition, results

from AMS dating of an extra piece of mandible, which was originally placed with the skeletal remains of Salt Man 3, indicates that this specimen does not belong to this individual; it was removed from the collection and renamed as Salt Man 8. The osteological analysis of the bone remains of Salt Man 8 suggests that this individual might also be a young male.},

keywords = {Achaemenid, Mining, Resilience, Resources, Sasanian, Zanjan},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Kleidungs- und Textilgeschichte aus dem Salz. Forschungen im Salzbergwerk Chehrabad, Iran},

author = {Karina Grömer and Abolfazl Aali and Thomas Stöllner and Gabriela Ruß-Popa and Natascha Bagherpour Kashani},

url = {https://www.academia.edu/37586141/Kleidungs_und_Textilgeschichte_aus_dem_Salz_Forschungen_im_Salzbergwerk_Chehrabad_Iran_UNIVERSUM_Magazin_2018_K_Gr%C3%B6mer_A_Aali_T_St%C3%B6llner_Natascha_Bagherpour_G_Ru%C3%9F_Popa_},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-00-00},

urldate = {2018-00-00},

journal = {UNIVERSUM Magazin},

pages = {10-12},

publisher = {LW Media},

address = {Wien},

keywords = {Salt},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The Saltmummies of Zanjan. Textile Research in Iran in a Conservation and exhibition project},

author = {Karina Grömer and Natascha Bagherpour Kashani},

url = {https://www.academia.edu/38717688/_The_Saltmummies_of_Zanjan_Textile_research_in_Iran_in_a_conservation_and_exhibition_project_In_Archaeological_Textiles_Review_60_2018_110_113},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-00-00},

urldate = {2018-00-00},

journal = {Archaeological Textiles Review},

volume = {60},

pages = {110-113},

keywords = {Salt},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {A Report on the Excavation at the Mala Mcha Graveyard, Kurdistan, Iran},

author = {Sheler Amelirad and Abdolrezer Mohajerynezhad and Masoume Javidkhah},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/05786967.2017.1355523},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-10-02},

journal = {Iran},

volume = {55},

issue = {2},

pages = {171-207},

abstract = {The Mala Mcha graveyard is located in Iranian Kurdistan, near the ancient Mannaean site of Ziwiya. Abdolreza Mohajerynezhad and Rasol Oshtodan conducted rescue excavations at Mala Mcha in 2012, and 16 graves were uncovered. Although most of the graves had been plundered by tomb robbers the tomb structures, and especially the grave-goods that remained, suggest an Iron Age III date and close relations with neighbouring sites such as Ziwiye, Qalaichi and Changbar. Most of the graves were covered with large flat slabs and contained one, two or three burials, the exception being tomb no. 7 with 14 burials.},

keywords = {Chronology, Excavation, Iron, Iron Age, Kurdistan, Zagros Highlands},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {A Newly Discovered Iron Age Site at Sarrez, Iranian Kurdistan},

author = {Sheler Amelirad and Abbas Razmpoush},

url = {https://www.academia.edu/114594398/A_Newly_Discovered_Iron_Age_Site_at_Sarrez_Iranian_Kurdistan?uc-sb-sw=101233969},

doi = {10.2143/ANES.52.0.3082869},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Ancient Near Eastern Studies},

volume = {52},

pages = {207-216},

abstract = {Sarrez is an ancient site in Kurdistan Province, Iran, near the present-day country town of Kamyaran. This site was discovered accidentally during dam construction activities. It has yielded some metal artefacts, potsherds and bones that are comparable to Iron Age III instances. The collection in its entirety is discussed in this article. One of the main objects from Sarrez is a decorated beaker with a scene on its wall that is comparable in many ways to examples of Neo-Assyrian art. The purpose of this paper is to publish and date the metal objects of the Sarrez collection based on this bronze beaker, which is one the few beakers from western Iran which has been found in a secure context.

},

keywords = {Iron Age, Kurdistan, Material Analysis, Zagros, Zagros Highlands},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The Salt Men of Iran: The salt mine of Douzlakh, Chehrabad},

author = {Abolfazl Aali and Thomas Stöllner and Aydin Abar and Frank Rüli

},

url = {https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/ak/article/view/90630/85233

},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.11588/ak.2012.1.90630},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

urldate = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt },

number = {1},

issue = {42},

pages = {61-81},

publisher = {Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums},

abstract = {During 2004, 2005, and 2010 scientific excavations took place at the salt mine of Chehrābād. According to the work conducted and further scientific investigations, the beginning of salt exploitation dates to the mid-first millennium BC. Some indications possibly hint to mining activities during the Late Arsacid period. Salt extraction certainly was taken up again during the Sassanian period and might have continued up to the Early Islamic period. The extraction was carried out as a chamber-pillar mining; no wooden props have been found so far, although the mummified bodies of mine workers and the context bear ample witness of instabilities and mining catastrophes. The first two campaigns were conducted by the Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization/Miras Farhangi under the auspices of Abolfazl Aali. The excavation in 2010 laid the basis for the establishment of a multinational group of scientists, comprising research facilities in Iran, Germany, Great Britain, France, and Switzerland.

},

keywords = {Mining, Salt},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The Iron Age “Zagros Graveyard” Near Sanandaj (Iranian Kurdistan): Preliminary Report on the First Season},

author = {Sheler Amelirad and Bruno Overlaet and Ernie Haerinck},

url = {https://www.academia.edu/1874022/The_Iron_Age_Zagros_Graveyard_Near_Sanandaj_Iranian_Kurdistan_Preliminary_Report_on_the_First_Season_Sh_Amelirad_E_Haerinck_and_B_Overlaet_2012},

doi = {10.2143/IA.47.0.2141961},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

urldate = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Iranica Antiqua},

volume = {47},

pages = {41-99},

abstract = {An Iron Age graveyard, for the most part dating from the 8th - 7th century BC, was accidentally discovered in 2008 during road works near Sanandaj, Iranian Kurdistan. Rescue excavations were conducted by the Cultural Heritage Department in Sanandaj. The present contribution reports on these first excavations during which more than 20 graves were discovered in two squares and a trench. A selection of the graves and the burial goods are discussed.},

keywords = {Ceramics, Chronology, Excavation, Iron, Iron Age, Kurdistan, Pottery, Zagros, Zagros Highlands},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The production of speiss (iron arsenide) during the Early Bronze Age in Iran},

author = {Christopher P. Thornton and Thilo Rehren and Vincent Charles Pigott},

doi = {10.1016/j.jas.2008.09.017},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

urldate = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},

number = {2},

issue = {36},

pages = {308-316},

publisher = {Academic Press},

abstract = {In this paper, analyses of some unusual slag samples from the prehistoric site of Tepe Hissar in northeastern Iran are presented. These slags are the remains of a five-thousand-year-old pyrotechnological process that produced speiss, a quasi-metallic material usually formed as an accidental by-product of copper or lead smelting. We argue that the "speiss slags" from Tepe Hissar suggest the intentional production of iron-arsenic alloy ("speiss") in prehistory. Why the Tepe Hissar metalworkers produced speiss is a question that requires further investigation, but our preliminary assessment suggests that it was to provide arsenic as an alloying component for arsenical copper, the preferred copper alloy during much of the Early Bronze Age in Iran, and widely used across the ancient world. This recognition significantly advances our understanding of the early stages of metallurgy in the Old World.},

keywords = {Archaeometallurgy, Bronze Age},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {An Archaeo-Metallurgical Study of the Early and Middle Bronze Age in Luristan, Iran},

author = {Friedrich Begemann and Ernie Haerinck and B. Overlaet and Sigrid Schmitt-Strecker and François Tallon

},

doi = {10.2143/IA.43.0.2024041},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

urldate = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Iranica Antiqua},

volume = {43},

pages = {1-34},

publisher = {Peeters},

abstract = {Copper-base artefacts from Bronze Age Luristan have been analysed for their chemical composition and the isotopic composition of their lead. We find no significant systematic differences between a group of objects recovered in the Pusht-i Kuh region in the course of controlled excavations during the Belgian Archaeological Mission in Iran (BAMI) and a second group of artefacts from the Louvre Museum which were acquired on the art market. According to these material features the objects from the art market are made of genuine "Luristan" metal which does not exclude the possibility that the artefacts are recent forgeries made of "old" metal. The data suggest a large fraction of the artefacts, copper and bronze, to derive from copper ores as they are available in the eastern part of the central Zagros Mountains from where also tin ores have been reported. Bronzes with high 206Pb-normalized abundance ratios, conspicuous in contemporary Mesopotamia, are missing in Luristan. We have no satisfactory explanation to offer why the manifold cultural and material connections between Mesopotamia and Luristan should have excluded the trade in bronzes with such exceptional lead isotopy.

},

keywords = {Archaeometallurgy, Bronze, Bronze Age, Copper, copper base},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Report of the first Iranian prehistoric slag workshop},

author = {Christopher P. Thornton and Th. Rehren

},

doi = {10.1080/05786967.2007.11869198},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Iran},

volume = {45},

pages = {315-318},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis},

abstract = {"In December of 2006, a small workshop was held at the UCL Institute of Archaeology to bring together established and emerging

scholars currently working on ancient Iranian metallurgy, most especially those focused on the production debris (i.e., slag,

furnace lining, etc.). This paper presents a summary of that meeting in order to introduce these scholars to the wider

archaeological audience, and to provide a basic idea of the sorts of questions being asked of, and the answers being received from,

current scientific studies of these materials."

},

keywords = {Archaeometallurgy},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Artificial cranial modification in prehistoric Iran: Evidence from crania and figurines},

author = {Aurelie Daems and Karina Croucher

},

doi = {10.2143/IA.42.0.2017868},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Iranica Antiqua},

volume = {42},

pages = {1-21},

publisher = {Peeters},

abstract = {Figurines have traditionally been investigated in terms of their typology and related function. However, the figurine record1 may additionally contribute to studies of the body and identity, providing evidence into how the body may have been physically treated or manipulated, such as through examples of artificial cranial modification. We discuss this phenomenon with relation to skeletal evidence from Late Neolithic to Middle Chalcolithic Iran2, providing an overview of existing evidence for cranial modification, as well as assessing the role an examination of the figurine record can play, providing further insights into bodily practices and the social implications of cranial modification.

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Ancient tin: Old question and a new answer},

author = {Nima Nezafati and Ernst Pernicka and Morteza Momenzadeh

},

url = {https://www.academia.edu/17063293/Ancient_tin_Old_question_and_a_new_answer},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-06-01},

journal = {Antiquity},

volume = {80},

issue = {308},

pages = {1-5},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

keywords = {Archaeometallurgy, Tin},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Rez.: Bellelli, Gloria M.: Vasi iranici in metallo dell' Eta del Bronzo},

author = {Barbara Helwing},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/prhz.2006.81.2.237},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-00-00},

journal = {Praehistorische Zeitschrift},

volume = {81},

pages = {125-126},

publisher = {De Gruyter},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Early complexity in highland Iran: recent archaeological research into the chalcolithic of Iran},

author = {Barbara Helwing},

url = {https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tubaar/issue/61831/925384},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-00-00},

journal = {Turkish Academy of Sciences Journal of Archaeology},

issue = {8},

pages = {39-60},

publisher = {Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi},

keywords = {Chalcolithic},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Persischer Luxus für thrakische Fürsten},

author = {Michael Pfrommer},

url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/44465949},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

urldate = {2023-09-04},

journal = {Antike Welt},

volume = {35},

number = {2},

pages = {54-56},

publisher = {Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Zur Herstellung urartaischer Palastkeramik},

author = {Hannelore Kapmeyer

},

url = {http://www.biainili-urartu.de/Iran/Bastam/2004%20Kapmeyer%20Herstellung%20urart%20Palastkeramik.pdf

},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Archaologische Mitteilungen aus Iran und Turan},

issue = {35-36},

pages = {313-333},

publisher = {Reimer},

keywords = {Pottery},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}